{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:05:14Z","timestamp":1793225114031,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess ampicillin levels according to the duration of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prospective cohort single-centre study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tertiary care centre (Modena, Italy).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>120 neonates\u226535 weeks\u2019 gestation exposed to IAP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neonates were divided into four groups, according to the duration of IAP prior to delivery: group 1 (n=30; &lt;1\u2009hour), group 2 (n=30; \u22651\u2009and\u2009&lt;2\u2009hours), group 3 (n=30; \u22652\u2009and\u2009&lt;4\u2009hours) and group 4 (n=30; \u22652 doses, \u22654\u2009hours).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Blood samples were collected at delivery (from the umbilical cord) and at age 4\u2009hours (from a peripheral vessel).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Median duration of IAP was 121\u2009min (range 7\u20132045 min). Median ampicillin levels in umbilical cord blood were 10.4\u2009\u00b5g\/mL (IQR 6.4\u201314.9) and in peripheral blood were 4.7\u2009\u00b5g\/mL (IQR 2.8\u20136.4\u00b5g\/mL). Umbilical cord blood levels reached a peak approximately 30\u2009min after IAP and then declined significantly (p&lt;0.001). Peripheral blood levels did not differ among study groups. Neonates exposed to a full loading dose (n=115) had peripheral blood levels 2.5\u201370 times higher than the minimal inhibitory concentration for group B streptococcus. There was no relationship between neonatal ampicillin concentrations and the duration of IAP prior to delivery (\u03b2=\u22120.0003, 95%\u2009CI \u22120.02 to 0.001, p=0.680).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ampicillin levels reach a peak in the umbilical cord blood within 30\u2009min of intrapartum administration. After a full loading dose, bactericidal levels persist for at least 4\u2009hours after birth and seem independent of the duration of IAP prior to delivery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-312546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]],"date-time":"2017-06-29T21:00:31Z","timestamp":1498770031000},"page":"F152-F156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Are postnatal ampicillin levels actually related to the duration of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis prior to delivery? A pharmacokinetic study in 120 neonates"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Berardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit Operativa di Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Dipartimento Integrato Materno Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaira","family":"Pietrangiolillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit Operativa di Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Dipartimento Integrato Materno Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Letizia","family":"Bacchi Reggiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit Operativa di Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Dipartimento Integrato Materno Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Gallesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e0 di Tossicologia e Farmacologia Clinica, Dipartimento di Medicina Diagnostica, Clinica e Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit Operativa di Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Dipartimento Integrato Materno Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Facchinetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e0 Operativa di Ostetricia, Dipartimento Integrato Materno Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit Operativa di Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Dipartimento Integrato Materno Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090502052786000_103.2.F152.1","unstructured":"Edwards MS , Nizet V , Baker CJ . 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