{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T11:41:12Z","timestamp":1774266072428,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) values in full-term infants immediately after caesarean section, and to assess whether infants that develop transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) follow the same physiological patterns.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design and patients<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A Respironics NM3 Monitor (Philips, Netherlands) continuously measured RR, TV and EtCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> for 7\u2009min in infants &gt;37 weeks\u2019 gestation following elective caesarean section (ECS). Monitoring was repeated at 2\u2009hours of age for 2\u2009min. Gestation, birth weight, Apgar scores and admissions to neonatal unit were documented.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The operative delivery theatre of Cork University Maternity Hospital, Ireland.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were 95 term infants born by ECS included. Median (IQR) gestation was 39 weeks (38.2\u201339.1) and median (IQR) birth weight 3420\u2009g (3155\u20133740). Median age at initiation of monitoring was 26.5 s (range: 20\u201339). Data were analysed for the first 7\u2009min of life. Mean breaths per minute (bpm) increased over the first 7\u2009min of life (44.31\u201361.62). TV and EtCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values were correlated and increased from 1\u2009min until maximum mean values were recorded at 3\u2009min after delivery (5.18 mL\/kg\u20136.44 mL\/kg, and 4.32\u2009kPa\u20135.64 kPa, respectively). Infants admitted to the neonatal unit with TTN had significantly lower RRs from 2\u2009min of age compared with infants not admitted for TTN.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>TV and EtCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values are correlated and increase significantly over the first few minutes following ECS. RR increases gradually from birth, and rates were lower in infants that develop TTN.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-312908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]],"date-time":"2017-10-02T20:40:17Z","timestamp":1506976817000},"page":"F417-F421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Respiratory adaptation in term infants following elective caesarean section"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Daragh","family":"Finn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"De Meulemeester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Dann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ita","family":"Herlihy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicki","family":"Livingstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geraldine B","family":"Boylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C Anthony","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene M","family":"Dempsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090514085128000_103.5.F417.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.10.041"},{"key":"2025090514085128000_103.5.F417.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.52.12.918"},{"key":"2025090514085128000_103.5.F417.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(78)90001-4"},{"key":"2025090514085128000_103.5.F417.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.53.7.545"},{"key":"2025090514085128000_103.5.F417.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950020403"},{"key":"2025090514085128000_103.5.F417.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.58.7.512"},{"key":"2025090514085128000_103.5.F417.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80412-X"},{"key":"2025090514085128000_103.5.F417.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.68.1_Spec_No.6"},{"key":"2025090514085128000_103.5.F417.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2016.00038","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory 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Longitudinal analysis: Modeling within-person fluctuation and change. 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