{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:17:14Z","timestamp":1791497834600,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003669","name":"Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hallym University Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The early identification of predictors related to cardiovascular disease risk factor clustering (CVD-RFC) can help prevent chronic disease. We aimed to identify the risk factors for CVD-RFC in adolescents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective longitudinal cohort study design was used to obtain data included in these analyses from school-aged children who participated in the Korean Child-Adolescent Study 2008\u20132014. A total of 1309 children aged 6\u201315 years were enrolled. We compared the participants based on the presence or absence of CVD-RFC and examined the cumulative incidence of CVD-RFC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the total 1309 children, 410 (31.32%) had CVD-RFC in adolescence. A higher average household income \u22653\u2009million Korean Republic won (KRW)\/month (3\u20135\u2009million KRW\/month: HR 0.75 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.97); \u22655\u2009million KRW\/month: HR 0.58 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.77)) was associated with a lower CVD-RFC incidence, while the presence of parental CVD history (HR 1.28 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.57)), overweight or obesity (HR 3.83 (95% CI 3.05 to 4.80)) and shorter sleep duration of 8\u20139\u2009hour\/day (HR 1.80 (95% CI 1.05 to 3.07)) and &lt;8\u2009hour\/day (HR 1.93 (95% CI 1.11 to 3.34)) had higher CVD-RFC incidences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obesity in childhood, short sleep duration and parental factors such as low socioeconomic status and parental history of CVD are significant risk factors for the development of CVD-RFC in adolescents. Efforts to create awareness regarding sufficient sleep duration in children via intervention programmes targeting cardiometabolic health in children and special attention to lifestyle modifications and socioeconomic components of the family should be considered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,12]],"date-time":"2018-04-12T16:30:34Z","timestamp":1523550634000},"page":"968-973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Cardiovascular disease risk factor clustering in children and adolescents: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Young-Gyun","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Kyu","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Heon","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye-Ja","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han Byul","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Ick","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Soo","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9806-0076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung Hee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050712425439000_103.10.968.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.6361"},{"key":"2020050712425439000_103.10.968.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010112"},{"key":"2020050712425439000_103.10.968.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.09.010"},{"key":"2020050712425439000_103.10.968.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031049"},{"key":"2020050712425439000_103.10.968.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2008.140905"},{"key":"2020050712425439000_103.10.968.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.17.2277"},{"key":"2020050712425439000_103.10.968.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.2.e198"},{"key":"2020050712425439000_103.10.968.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-11-146"},{"key":"2020050712425439000_103.10.968.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31818a5d50"},{"key":"2020050712425439000_103.10.968.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2010.02.016"},{"key":"2020050712425439000_103.10.968.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2013.84"},{"key":"2020050712425439000_103.10.968.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.156"},{"key":"2020050712425439000_103.10.968.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1996.02170290022003"},{"key":"2020050712425439000_103.10.968.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.02.030"},{"key":"2020050712425439000_103.10.968.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0019"},{"key":"2020050712425439000_103.10.968.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.05.056"},{"key":"2020050712425439000_103.10.968.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-10-138"},{"key":"2020050712425439000_103.10.968.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E20","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8010020","article-title":"Associations between Sugar Intake from Different Food Sources and Adiposity or Cardio-Metabolic Risk in Childhood and Adolescence: The Korean Child-Adolescent Cohort Study","volume":"8","author":"Hur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2020050712425439000_103.10.968.19","unstructured":"Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The Korean Pediatric Society, The Committee for the Development of Growth Standard for Korean Children and Adolescents. 2007 Korean Children and Adolescents Growth Standard (commentary for the development of 2007 growth chart). 2007. 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