{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:31:41Z","timestamp":1793107901940,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess whether antibiotic reduces voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)-associated urinary tract infection (UTI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Open-labelled randomised controlled trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary paediatric nephrology centre.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>120 children (age 2\u2009months\u20135 years) undergoing VCUG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children were randomised into group A (antibiotic, n=72) or group B (no antibiotic, n=48) in 3:2 ratio. Group A received oral antibiotic (cephalexin if &lt;6\u2009months or co-trimoxazole if &gt;6\u2009months old) a day prior to VCUG and continued for 1\u2009day post VCUG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The main outcome measure is incidence of VCUG-associated UTI. Urine was checked on day 3 after VCUG and UTI was defined as significant growth of a single organism in a symptomatic child.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median age was 8 months (IQR 13 months) with 68% male. Indication for undertaking VCUG was history of UTI (first UTI in infancy=43, recurrent UTI=49) and congenital anomaly of kidney and urinary tract without any UTI (n=28). Post-VCUG UTI was significantly higher among group B in comparison to group A (17% (n=8) vs 1.4% (n=1); p=0.01, OR=14.2 (95% CI 1.7\u2009to 117)). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis found an abnormal pre-VCUG ultrasound scan to be a significant independent risk factor for post-VCUG UTI (p=0.02, OR=9.51, 95% CI 1.43 to 63.4). The number needed to treat with antibiotic to prevent one post-VCUG UTI was 6.5, which reduced to 4 if only the group with abnormal pre-VCUG ultrasound scan was included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antibiotic significantly reduces post-VCUG-acquired UTI especially in those with abnormal ultrasound scans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical Trial Registry of India: CTRI\/2017\/03\/00824.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]],"date-time":"2017-08-31T00:55:20Z","timestamp":1504140920000},"page":"230-234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Antibiotics for performing voiding cystourethrogram: a randomised control trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Sinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhasis","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biplab","family":"Maji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yincent","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050712435352000_103.3.230.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470100429","article-title":"Pediatric fluoroscopy: a survey of children\u2019s hospitals in Europe","volume":"1","author":"Schneider","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"2020050712435352000_103.3.230.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(05)82933-2","article-title":"The appropriateness of use and the clinical impact of micturating cystourethrography in paediatric practice","volume":"49","author":"Mussurakis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"2020050712435352000_103.3.230.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/111.1.167"},{"key":"2020050712435352000_103.3.230.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-004-1417-0"},{"key":"2020050712435352000_103.3.230.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92169-4","article-title":"Urinary infection after micturating cystography","volume":"2","author":"Maskell","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020050712435352000_103.3.230.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)90751-7","article-title":"Urinary infection with micturating cystogram","volume":"1","author":"Cruickshank","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020050712435352000_103.3.230.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guignard JP . 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