{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:34:09Z","timestamp":1790062449481,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Construct updated birth weight-for-gestational age centile charts for use in the UK and compare these to the currently used UK-WHO charts.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Secondary analysis of national birth data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Centiles were constructed using 1 269 403 singleton births occurring in England and Wales in 2013\u20132014 as part of the MBRRACE-UK national perinatal surveillance programme. These were then validated using 642\u2009737 singleton births occurring in England and Wales in 2015.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sex-specific birth weight-for-gestational age centiles. Centiles were created using the lambda-mu-sigma method via the GAMLSS package in R. This method transforms the skewed birth weight distribution to approximate a normal distribution, allowing any birth weight centile to be produced.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The new centiles performed well in the validation sample, with the observed and expected proportion of births below a given centile in agreement. Overall, driven by the predominance of term births, the UK-WHO charts classify a smaller proportion of infants as below a given centile. For example, the UK-WHO estimates classified only 1.32% (8035\/606 430) of term infants born in 2015 as below the second centile, compared with 1.97% (11 975\/606 430) using the new MBRRACE-UK centiles. At the earliest gestational ages, however, the opposite is observed, with the UK-WHO classifying a larger proportion of infants as below a given centile, particularly at the lower end of the birthweight distribution.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We have constructed and validated updated birth weight-for-gestational age centiles using a contemporary sample of births occurring in England and Wales. The benefits of these updated centiles will be first to assist the national surveillance of perinatal mortality programme by improving the identification of the proportion of stillbirths and neonatal deaths affected by intrauterine growth restriction and, second, to aid clinicians by more accurately identifying babies who require increased monitoring in the period immediately following birth.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T12:15:34Z","timestamp":1512648934000},"page":"F577-F582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Updated birth weight centiles for England and Wales"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Tom","family":"Norris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8711-4817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E","family":"Seaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brad N","family":"Manktelow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip N","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J","family":"Kurinczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S","family":"Draper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy K","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, The Infant Mortality and Morbidity Studies, Centre for Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090511411744000_103.6.F577.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.82.3.378"},{"key":"2025090511411744000_103.6.F577.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.73.1.17"},{"key":"2025090511411744000_103.6.F577.3","unstructured":"\u00a0SACN\/RCPCH Expert Group. Application of WHO growth standards in the UK, 2007."},{"key":"2025090511411744000_103.6.F577.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460.2011.544139"},{"key":"2025090511411744000_103.6.F577.5","unstructured":"Manktelow BN , Smith LK , Seaton SE , et al . on behalf of the MBRRACE-UK Collaboration. MBRRACE-UK perinatal mortality surveillance report, UK perinatal deaths for births from january to december 2014, 2016."},{"key":"2025090511411744000_103.6.F577.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780111005"},{"key":"2025090511411744000_103.6.F577.7","unstructured":"\u00a0WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group.. Who child growth standards: length\/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age: methods and development. 312. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2006."},{"key":"2025090511411744000_103.6.F577.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6929.641"},{"key":"2025090511411744000_103.6.F577.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11041.x","article-title":"Selection biases invalidate current low birthweight weight-for-gestation standards","volume":"104","author":"Tin","year":"1997","journal-title":"BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"2025090511411744000_103.6.F577.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980228)17:4<407::AID-SIM742>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"2025090511411744000_103.6.F577.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-310936"},{"key":"2025090511411744000_103.6.F577.12","unstructured":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. The investigation and management of the small\u2013for\u2013gestational\u2013age fetus: Green-top guideline no.31. 2 edn, 2014."},{"key":"2025090511411744000_103.6.F577.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.4019"},{"key":"2025090511411744000_103.6.F577.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90681-8"},{"key":"2025090511411744000_103.6.F577.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(94)00365-K"},{"key":"2025090511411744000_103.6.F577.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2009.28.5.617","article-title":"Sonographic fetal weight estimation: which model should be used?","volume":"28","author":"Melamed","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"}],"container-title":["Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313452","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T18:58:44Z","timestamp":1757098724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/fn.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313452"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313452","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-2998","1468-2052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-2998","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]]}}}