{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T06:28:03Z","timestamp":1793773683835,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"The APC Microbiome Institute, Cork"},{"name":"Food Institutional Research Measure of the Department of Food, Agriculture and Marine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study was to investigate the appropriate dosing interval of a probiotic (Infloran) given daily, biweekly and weekly in preterm infants &lt;32 weeks\u2019 gestation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were 8 infants in the daily group, 8 infants in the biweekly group and 10 infants in the weekly group, all born between 25 and 32 weeks\u2019 gestation. The control group consisted of 12 preterm infants who did not receive the probiotic. Infloran (250\u2009mg\/capsule), containing <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium bifidum<\/jats:italic> (1\u00d710<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> colony-forming unit (CFU)) and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/jats:italic> (1\u00d710<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> CFU), was administered in 2.5\u2009mL of breast milk per kilogram weight of the infant (2\u00d710<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2009CFU of bacteria in total), until 34 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Stool samples were collected at 31, 34, 41 and 44 weeks PMA and frozen at \u221220\u00b0C.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After administration of the probiotic at 31 weeks PMA, <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> were significantly higher in the daily group (45%) in comparison with the biweekly (17%) and weekly (9%) groups. At 34 weeks PMA, <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> were significantly higher again in the daily (60%) group in comparison with the biweekly (21%), weekly (23%) and control (15%) groups. At 41 weeks PMA a decrease in the relative abundances of Streptococcaceae and Enterococcaceae was found in all three probiotic groups, and by 44 weeks PMA significantly higher levels of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> were found in the biweekly group (16.5%) in comparison with the weekly group (2.1%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our results indicate that a daily dose of Infloran is a suitable dosage for preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit, with significantly higher levels of <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> found in the daily probiotic group up to 44 weeks PMA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]],"date-time":"2018-06-20T12:27:22Z","timestamp":1529497642000},"page":"F159-F164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Dose-interval study of a dual probiotic in preterm infants"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Claire","family":"Watkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiera","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene M","family":"Dempsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol Anne","family":"O\u2019Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan Paul","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul W","family":"O\u2019Toole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R Paul","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"College of Science Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Stanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. 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