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Temporal trends in population-based incidence rates were evaluated using Poisson regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Victoria, Australia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 1511 paediatric major trauma patients, most were male (68%), had sustained blunt trauma (87%) and had injuries resulting from unintentional events (91%). Motor vehicle collisions (15%), struck by\/collisions with an object or person (14%) and low falls (13%) were the leading mechanisms of injury. Compared with those aged 1\u201315 years, a greater proportion of non-accidental injury events were observed in infants (&lt;1\u2009year) (32%). For all patients, isolated head injury (29%), other\/multitrauma (27%) and head and other injuries (24%) were the most prevalent injury groups. The incidence of paediatric major trauma did not change over the study period (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=0.97; 95%\u2009CI 0.92 to 1.02; p=0.27), which was consistent in all age groups. There was a 3% per year decline in the incidence of transport events (IRR=0.97; 95%\u2009CI 0.94 to 0.99; p=0.005), but no change in the incidence of falls of any type (IRR=1.01; 95%\u2009CI 0.97 to 1.04; p=0.70) or other events (IRR=1.00; 95%\u2009CI 0.97 to 1.02; p=0.79). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 7.2%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrated no change in the incidence of paediatric major trauma over an 11-year period. Given the potential lifelong impacts of serious injury in children, additional investment and coordination of injury prevention activities are required.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-315565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]],"date-time":"2018-10-02T16:19:36Z","timestamp":1538497176000},"page":"256-261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Causes and characteristics of injury in paediatric major trauma and trends over time"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3262-5956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Beck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warwick","family":"Teague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda J","family":"Gabbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050712483243000_104.3.256.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.4276","article-title":"Global and national burden of diseases and injuries among children and adolescents between 1990 and 2013: Findings from the global burden of disease 2013 Study","volume":"170","author":"Kyu","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2020050712483243000_104.3.256.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitchell RJ , Curtis K , Foster K . 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