{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:13:33Z","timestamp":1787501613935,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Heart transplantation is a standard treatment for selected paediatric patients with end-stage heart disease. With improvement in surgical techniques, organ procurement and preservation strategies, immunosuppressive drugs, and more sophisticated monitoring strategies, survival following transplantation has increased over time. However, rejection, infection, renal failure, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease and post-transplant cardiac allograft vasculopathy still preclude long-term survival. Therefore, continued multidisciplinary scientific efforts are needed for future gains. This review focuses on the current status, outcomes and ongoing challenges including patient selection, indications and contraindications, national and international survivals, post-transplant complications and quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-315682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T17:24:16Z","timestamp":1558027456000},"page":"1216-1222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Paediatric heart transplantation: an update"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Zdenka","family":"Reinhardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2018.07.018","article-title":"The International Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Twenty-first pediatric heart transplantation report-2018; Focus theme: Multiorgan Transplantation","volume":"37","author":"Rossano","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.12038"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.3","unstructured":"NHS Blood and Transplant. Available: https:\/\/www.nhsbt.nhs.uk"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.815712"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.5","first-page":"1271","article-title":"The operation. A human cardiac transplant: an interim report of a successful operation performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town","volume":"41","author":"Barnard","year":"1967","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2017.10.021","article-title":"Outcome after heart transplantation from donation after circulatory-determined death donors","volume":"36","author":"Messer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ppedcard.2017.07.007","article-title":"Continuous donor perfusion for heart preservation","volume":"46","author":"Kirk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13244","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.13244","article-title":"Waste not, want not: Maximizing use of pediatric marginal donor hearts","volume":"22","author":"Kirk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13064","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.13064","article-title":"Hearts transplanted after circulatory death in children: Analysis of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation registry","volume":"21","author":"Kleinmahon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.03.090"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12237","article-title":"Pediatric cardiac transplantation using hearts previously refused for quality: a single center experience","volume":"13","author":"Easterwood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.000029"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.12149"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.13149","article-title":"Is there an optimal organ acceptance rate for pediatric heart transplantation: \"A sweet spot\"?","volume":"22","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2011.04.042"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103153441102"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2011.11.013"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2008.07.001"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02934.x"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2012.11.022","article-title":"ABO-incompatible heart transplantation in early childhood: an international multicenter study of clinical experiences and limits","volume":"32","author":"Urschel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.02040.x","article-title":"Multicenter experience of ABO-incompatible pediatric cardiac transplantation","volume":"8","author":"Roche","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2015.03.013"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2009.06.013"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2013.09.018"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Awad M , Czer LS , Hou M , et al . Early Denervation and Later Reinnervation of the Heart Following Cardiac Transplantation: A Review. J Am Heart Assoc 2016;5.doi:10.1161\/JAHA.116.004070","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.004070"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2013.08.005"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2009.12.009"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2017.05.009"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2009.07.011"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2011.01564.x"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2012.04197.x","article-title":"A 16-year multi-institutional study of the role of age and EBV status on PTLD incidence among pediatric heart transplant recipients","volume":"12","author":"Chinnock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)67933-6"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2007.09.027"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.12095"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(00)00512-X","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of pravastatin in pediatric heart transplant recipients","volume":"20","author":"Pahl","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2008.01118.x","article-title":"Percutaneous coronary intervention using drug-eluting stents in pediatric heart transplant recipients","volume":"13","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2017.07.016","article-title":"The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Thirty-fourth Adult Lung And Heart-Lung Transplantation Report-2017; Focus Theme: Allograft ischemic time","volume":"36","author":"Chambers","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.38","first-page":"214","article-title":"Caring for children awaiting heart transplantation: psychosocial implications","volume":"24","author":"Hanton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0000000000000378","article-title":"Quality of Life, Depression, and Anxiety in Ventricular Assist Device Therapy: Longitudinal Outcomes for Patients and Family Caregivers","volume":"32","author":"Bidwell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12260"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(03)00215-8"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2012.01.867"},{"key":"2024091723501170000_104.12.1216.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2009.04.004"}],"container-title":["Archives of Disease in Childhood"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/archdischild-2018-315682","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T02:51:40Z","timestamp":1726627900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/adc.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/archdischild-2018-315682"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/archdischild-2018-315682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2018-315682","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9888","1468-2044"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9888","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2044","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]]}}}