{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:23:13Z","timestamp":1790886193138,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR073935"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR073935"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BX003772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX003772"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ard.eular.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T17:15:49Z","timestamp":1715793349000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The role of DNA in the pathogenesis of SLE: DNA as a molecular chameleon"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"David S","family":"Pisetsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Herbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.186","article-title":"New insights into the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"12","author":"Tsokos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0480-7","article-title":"New insights into the role of antinuclear antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"16","author":"Pisetsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214819","article-title":"European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"78","author":"Aringer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.17959.1","article-title":"The central role of nucleic acids in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"8","author":"Pisetsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180300026","article-title":"Anti-DNA antibodies: aspects of structure and pathogenicity","volume":"60","author":"Jang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.151","article-title":"Anti-DNA antibodies--quintessential biomarkers of SLE","volume":"12","author":"Pisetsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.69","article-title":"The anti-DNA antibody: origin and impact, dogmas and controversies","volume":"11","author":"Rekvig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.3.1614","article-title":"Antigen-specific induction of antibodies against native mammalian DNA in nonautoimmune mice","volume":"151","author":"Desai","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/12.11.1569","article-title":"Induction of anti-DNA antibody with DNA-peptide complexes","volume":"12","author":"Desai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.002415","article-title":"Genetic and structural evidence for antigen selection of anti-DNA antibodies","volume":"12","author":"Radic","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339700600327","article-title":"Why the difference between B-DNA and Z-DNA","volume":"6","author":"Stollar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.08.018","article-title":"Detection of alternative DNA structures and its implications for human disease","volume":"83","author":"Matos-Rodrigues","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2019.09.007","article-title":"A genetic instruction code based on DNA conformation","volume":"35","author":"Herbert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/282680a0","article-title":"Molecular structure of a left-handed double helical DNA fragment at atomic resolution","volume":"282","author":"Wang","year":"1979","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-018-0237-x","article-title":"Z-DNA and Z-RNA in human disease","volume":"2","author":"Herbert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.53.070184.004043","article-title":"The chemistry and biology of left-handed Z-DNA","volume":"53","author":"Rich","year":"1984","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1115","article-title":"Z-DNA: the long road to biological function","volume":"4","author":"Rich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-019-00534-1","article-title":"Z-DNA in the genome: from structure to disease","volume":"11","author":"Ravichandran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biophys Rev"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.52586\/4922","article-title":"Comparative review on left-handed Z-DNA","volume":"26","author":"Roy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)43637-4","article-title":"An immunochemical examination of acetylaminofluorene-modified poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC) in the Z-conformation","volume":"259","author":"Hanau","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.3.1619","article-title":"Effects of methylation on a synthetic polynucleotide: the B--Z transition in poly(dG-m5DC).poly(dG-m5DC)","volume":"78","author":"Behe","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00296a009","article-title":"Bromination stabilizes poly(dG-dC) in the Z-DNA form under low-salt conditions","volume":"23","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.9b00041","article-title":"Oxidative modification of guanine in a potential Z-DNA-forming sequence of a gene promoter impacts gene expression","volume":"32","author":"Fleming","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.105140","article-title":"Flipons and small RNAs accentuate the asymmetries of pervasive transcription by the reset and sequence-specific microcoding of promoter conformation","volume":"299","author":"Herbert","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01479.x","article-title":"Formation of Z-DNA in negatively supercoiled plasmids is sensitive to small changes in salt concentration within the physiological range","volume":"2","author":"Azorin","year":"1983","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(81)80424-3","volume":"132","author":"Malfoy","year":"1981","journal-title":"Antiserum to Z-DNA FEBS letters"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/0161-5890(92)90197-6","article-title":"Immunogenicity of Z-DNA depends on the size of polynucleotide presented in complexes with methylated BSA","volume":"29","author":"Edgington","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3546","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.6.3546","article-title":"Antibodies specific for left-handed Z-DNA","volume":"78","author":"Lafer","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110771","article-title":"Z-DNA-specific antibodies in human systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"71","author":"Lafer","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330308","article-title":"Enhanced binding of lupus sera to the polyamine-induced left-handed Z-DNA form of polynucleotides","volume":"33","author":"Thomas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib31","first-page":"633","article-title":"DNA antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"11","author":"Sibley","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2023.109763","article-title":"The expression of antibodies to Z-DNA in the blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: relationship to autoantibodies to B-DNA","volume":"255","author":"Spencer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1993.tb05947.x","article-title":"Interactions of anti-DNA antibodies with Z-DNA","volume":"92","author":"Krishna","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2014.05.007","article-title":"The role of antigen specificity in the binding of murine monoclonal anti-dna antibodies to microparticles from apoptotic cells","volume":"154","author":"Ullal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib35","first-page":"29","article-title":"Presence of Z-DNA specific antibodies in Crohn\u2019s disease, polyradiculoneuritis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"58","author":"Allinquant","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2940419","article-title":"Hydralazine induces Z-DNA conformation in a polynucleotide and elicits anti(Z-DNA) antibodies in treated patients","volume":"294","author":"Thomas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(92)90019-K","article-title":"Patterns of heavy and light chain utilization in the antibody response to single-stranded bacterial DNA in normal human subjects and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"62","author":"Robertson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.2.451","article-title":"Spontaneous expression of antibodies to DNA of various species origin in sera of normal subjects and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"140","author":"Karounos","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1993.tb01744.x","article-title":"Antibodies to dsDNA are produced during primary BK virus infection in man, indicating that anti-dsDNA antibodies may be related to virus replication in vivo","volume":"38","author":"Fredriksen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22169100","article-title":"Extracellular DNA (eDNA). A major ubiquitous element of the bacterial biofilm architecture","volume":"22","author":"Campoccia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.94","article-title":"Biofilms: an emergent form of bacterial life","volume":"14","author":"Flemming","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.27760","article-title":"The role of extracellular DNA in the formation, architecture, stability, and treatment of bacterial biofilms","volume":"118","author":"Panlilio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioeng"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064842","article-title":"CpG motifs in bacterial DNA and their immune effects","volume":"20","author":"Krieg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.10.010","article-title":"Z-form extracellular DNA is a structural component of the bacterial biofilm matrix","volume":"184","author":"Buzzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3749","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg351","article-title":"Flexible DNA bending in HU-DNA cocrystal structures","volume":"22","author":"Swinger","year":"2003","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.295.5559.1487","article-title":"Extracellular DNA required for bacterial biofilm formation","volume":"295","author":"Whitchurch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib47","author":"Minero"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-023-01124-1","article-title":"Moonlighting chromatin: when DNA escapes nuclear control","volume":"30","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.102577","article-title":"DNA-mediated proteolysis by neutrophil elastase enhances binding activities of the HMGB1 protein","volume":"298","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006315","article-title":"Bacterial amyloid curli acts as a carrier for DNA to elicit an autoimmune response via TLR2 and TLR9","volume":"13","author":"Tursi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.06.002","article-title":"Amyloid-DNA composites of bacterial biofilms stimulate autoimmunity","volume":"42","author":"Gallo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41400","article-title":"Persistent bacteriuria and antibodies recognizing curli\/eDNA complexes from escherichia coli are linked to flares in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"72","author":"Pachucki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008591","article-title":"In vivo synthesis of bacterial amyloid curli contributes to joint inflammation during S Typhimurium infection","volume":"16","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib54","first-page":"185","article-title":"Effect of DNA size and strandedness on the in vivo clearance and organ localization of DNA","volume":"56","author":"Emlen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-3543-7","article-title":"The nucleotide composition of microbial genomes indicates differential patterns of selection on core and accessory genomes","volume":"18","author":"Bohlin","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168931","article-title":"The binding of monoclonal and polyclonal anti-Z-DNA antibodies to DNA of various species origin","volume":"22","author":"Spencer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00076-13","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing of micrococcus luteus strain modasa, of Indian origin","volume":"1","author":"Ghosh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Announc"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7877","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1130426100","article-title":"The complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium bovis","volume":"100","author":"Garnier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4137-z","article-title":"On the length, weight and GC content of the human genome","volume":"12","author":"Piovesan","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw3616","article-title":"Epigenetics, fragmentomics, and topology of cell-free DNA in liquid biopsies","volume":"372","author":"Lo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2016.03.009","article-title":"The long and short of circulating cell-free DNA and the ins and outs of molecular diagnostics","volume":"32","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2021.04.005","article-title":"The nexus of cfDNA and nuclease biology","volume":"37","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.06.028","article-title":"Dnases in health and disease","volume":"429","author":"Keyel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/91070","article-title":"Mutation of DNAse1 in people with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"28","author":"Yasutomo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.975","article-title":"Loss-of-function variant in DNAse1L3 causes a familial form of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"43","author":"Al-Mayouf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/76032","article-title":"Features of systemic lupus erythematosus in DNAse1-deficient mice","volume":"25","author":"Napirei","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201138","article-title":"Autoantibody-mediated impairment of DNAse1L3 activity in sporadic systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"218","author":"Hartl","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20221086","article-title":"Secreted mammalian DNAses protect against systemic bacterial infection by digesting biofilms","volume":"220","author":"Lacey","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-023-00732-x","article-title":"Genetics of SLE: mechanistic insights from monogenic disease and disease-associated variants","volume":"19","author":"Vinuesa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02496","article-title":"Monogenic lupus: a developing paradigm of disease","volume":"9","author":"Alperin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102404","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps that are not degraded in systemic lupus erythematosus activate complement exacerbating the disease","volume":"188","author":"Leffler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(90)90066-U","article-title":"Sequence preference of chloroquine binding to DNA and prevention of Z-DNA formation","volume":"39","author":"Kwakye-Berko","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0836-0","article-title":"Increased neutrophil extracellular traps promote metastasis potential of hepatocellular carcinoma via provoking tumorous inflammatory response","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aao1716","article-title":"The pseudokinase MLKL activates PAD4-dependent NET formation in necroptotic neutrophils","volume":"11","author":"D\u2019Cruz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2023.102347","article-title":"Z-form nucleic acid-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) as a sensor of viral and cellular Z-RNAs: walking the razor\u2019s edge","volume":"83","author":"DeAntoneo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009513","article-title":"To \u201cZ\u201d or not to \u201cZ\u201d: Z-RNA, self-recognition, and the MDA5 helicase","volume":"17","author":"Herbert","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2021.10.004","article-title":"Viral Z-RNA triggers ZBP1-dependent cell death","volume":"51","author":"Balachandran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20221156","article-title":"The Z-nucleic acid sensor ZBP1 in health and disease","volume":"220","author":"Maelfait","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.TM118.004166","article-title":"Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1), a suppressor of double-stranded RNA-triggered innate immune responses","volume":"294","author":"Samuel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202249968","article-title":"Z-nucleic acids: uncovering the functions from past to present","volume":"52","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06013","article-title":"DAI (DLM-1\/ZBP1) is a cytosolic DNA sensor and an activator of innate immune response","volume":"448","author":"Takaoka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.08.022","article-title":"Mutations in the adenosine deaminase ADAR1 that prevent endogenous Z-RNA binding induce Aicardi-Gouti\u00e8res-syndrome-like encephalopathy","volume":"54","author":"Nakahama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04753-7","article-title":"ADAR1 masks the cancer immunotherapeutic promise of ZBP1-driven necroptosis","volume":"606","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abf6290","article-title":"ZBP1-MLKL necroptotic signaling potentiates radiation-induced antitumor immunity via intratumoral STING pathway activation","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2018.03.010","article-title":"Ion homeostasis and ion channels in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and regulation","volume":"52","author":"Hafner-Bratkovi\u010d","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E961","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1613305114","article-title":"Active MLKL triggers the NLRP3 inflammasome in a cell-intrinsic manner","volume":"114","author":"Conos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7282","article-title":"RIPK3 promotes cell death and NLRP3 Inflammasome activation in the absence of MLKL","volume":"6","author":"Lawlor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.747737","article-title":"Convergent loss of the necroptosis pathway in disparate mammalian lineages shapes viruses countermeasures","volume":"12","author":"\u00c1gueda-Pinto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.05.009","article-title":"Vaccinia virus E3 prevents sensing of Z-RNA to block ZBP1-dependent necroptosis","volume":"29","author":"Koehler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.004","article-title":"Oxidative damage of DNA confers resistance to cytosolic nuclease TREX1 degradation and potentiates STING-dependent immune sensing","volume":"39","author":"Gehrke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8996","DOI":"10.1039\/C5OB01340B","article-title":"Novel insights into a major DNA oxidative lesion: its effects on Z-DNA stabilization","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Org Biomol Chem"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib92","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps have dnazyme activity that drives bactericidal potential","author":"Ku","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI149095","article-title":"Meant to B: B cells as a therapeutic target in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"131","author":"Atisha-Fregoso","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12821","article-title":"Impaired B-cell tolerance checkpoints promote the development of autoimmune diseases and pathogenic autoantibodies","volume":"292","author":"Meffre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42489","article-title":"Anti-neutrophil extracellular trap antibodies in antiphospholipid antibody-positive patients: results from the antiphospholipid syndrome alliance for clinical trials and international networking clinical database and repository","volume":"75","author":"Zuo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225266_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42548","article-title":"Antibodies to neutrophil extracellular traps: novel markers for the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"75","author":"Pisetsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003496724000736?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003496724000736?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/ard-2023-225266","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T22:43:29Z","timestamp":1740696209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003496724000736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003496724000736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard-2023-225266","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4967","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The role of DNA in the pathogenesis of SLE: DNA as a molecular chameleon","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard-2023-225266","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2024 \u00a9 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of EULAR. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}