{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:49:40Z","timestamp":1791269380385,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ard.eular.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,5]],"date-time":"2008-06-05T20:54:30Z","timestamp":1212699270000},"page":"222-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":175,"title":["Alcohol consumption is associated with decreased risk of rheumatoid arthritis: results from two Scandinavian case\u2013control studies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"H","family":"K\u00e4llberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Bengtsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Padyukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Garred","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Frisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E W","family":"Karlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Klareskog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Alfredsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200001)43:1<30::AID-ANR5>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Characterizing the quantitative genetic contribution to rheumatoid arthritis using data from twins.","volume":"43","author":"MacGregor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21575","article-title":"A new model for an etiology of RA: smoking may trigger HLA-DR (SE)-restricted immune reactions to autoantigens modified by citrullination.","volume":"54","author":"Klareskog","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.041079","article-title":"Smoking is a risk factor for anti-CCP antibodies only in RA patients that carry HLA-DRB1 Shared Epitope alleles.","volume":"65","author":"Linn-Rasker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1086\/516736","article-title":"Gene\u2013gene and gene\u2013environment interactions involving HLA-DR, PTPN22 and smoking in two subsets of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"80","author":"K\u00e4llberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R133","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2022","article-title":"Environmental risk factors differ between rheumatoid arthritis with and without auto-antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides.","volume":"8","author":"Pedersen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22597","article-title":"Strong combined gene-environment effects in anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide-positive rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide case\u2013control study in Denmark.","volume":"56","author":"Pedersen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb04651.x","article-title":"Ethanol inhibition: the humoral and cellular immune response to hepatitis C virus NS5 protein after genetic immunization.","volume":"24","author":"Encke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2006.05.001","article-title":"Alcohol and inflammation and immune responses: summary of the 2005 Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting.","volume":"38","author":"Waldschmidt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1086\/429506","article-title":"Effect of alcohol use and highly active antiretroviral therapy on plasma levels of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients coinfected with HIV and HCV.","volume":"41","author":"Cooper","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Inf Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000095634.82310.53","article-title":"Alcohol-induced suppression of lung chemokine production and host defense response to Streptococcus pneumoniae.","volume":"27","author":"Boe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00012.x","article-title":"Moderate alcohol intake in humans attenuates monocyte inflammatory response: inhibition of nuclear regulatory factor kappa B and induction of interleukin 10.","volume":"30","author":"Mandrekar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608620104","article-title":"Ethanol prevents development of destructive arthritis.","volume":"104","author":"Jonsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.49.12.980","article-title":"Lifestyle and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption.","volume":"49","author":"Hazes","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib14","first-page":"525","article-title":"Smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"5","author":"Voigt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib15","first-page":"S192","article-title":"Smoking, low level of formal education and infrequent alcohol consumption are independent predictors of rheumatoid arthritis [presented at ACR 2007 (abstract No 374)].","volume":"56","author":"Bergstrom","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib16","first-page":"246","article-title":"Blood transfusion, alcohol use, and anthropometric risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis in older women.","volume":"29","author":"Cerhan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.8.631","article-title":"Coffee consumption, rheumatoid factor, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"59","author":"Heli\u00f6vaara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310302","article-title":"The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"31","author":"Arnett","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.9.835","article-title":"Quantification of the influence of cigarette smoking on rheumatoid arthritis: results from a population based case-control study, using incident cases.","volume":"62","author":"Stolt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780301102","article-title":"The shared epitope hypothesis.","volume":"30","author":"Gregersen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1992.tb01940.x","article-title":"HLA-DR typing by PCR amplification with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) in 2 hours: an alternative to serological DR typing in clinical practice including donor\u2013recipient matching in cadaveric transplantation.","volume":"39","author":"Olerup","year":"1992","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib22","unstructured":"Kimura A, Sasasuki T,. Reference protocol for the HLA DNA typing technique. In: Tsuij K, Aizawa M, Sasazuki T, eds. HLA 1991: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992;1."},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.033571","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of anti-citrullinated antibodies (anti-CP) during 5 years follow-up in early rheumatoid arthritis: anti-CP status is a stable phenotype that predicts worse disease activity and greater radiological progression.","volume":"64","author":"R\u00f6nnelid","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-005-4410-4","article-title":"Interaction: a word with two meanings creates confusion.","volume":"20","author":"Ahlbom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib25","series-title":"Epidemiology: an introduction","author":"Rothman","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-005-7835-x","article-title":"Calculating measures of biological interaction.","volume":"20","author":"Andersson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199209000-00012","article-title":"Confidence interval estimation of interaction.","volume":"3","author":"Hosmer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib28","series-title":"Statistical methods in medical research","author":"Armitage","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib29","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO),. Global status report on alcohol 2004. http:\/\/www.who.int\/substance_abuse\/publications\/statusreportalcoholeuro\/en\/index.html (accessed 9 Apr 2008)."},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22703","article-title":"Interaction between smoking, the shared epitope, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide: a mixed picture in three large North American rheumatoid arthritis cohorts.","volume":"56","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.3.472","article-title":"AHA Science Advisory: wine and your heart: a science advisory for healthcare professionals from the Nutrition Committee, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, and Council on Cardiovascular Nursing of the American Heart Association.","volume":"103","author":"Goldberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086314_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-1-200701020-00004","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and risk for coronary heart disease among men with hypertension.","volume":"146","author":"Beulens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003496724426265?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003496724426265?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/ard.2007.086314","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:11:48Z","timestamp":1736122308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003496724426265"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003496724426265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2007.086314","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1115250.571253","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0003-4967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4967","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Alcohol consumption is associated with decreased risk of rheumatoid arthritis: results from two Scandinavian case\u2013control studies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2007.086314","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. Publishing Group and European League Against Rheumatism. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}