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(1977) Brautbar et al; Baum and Morris (1971); Good etal. (1976); Khan etal"},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"Whereas the B27-positive probands display an evident male preponderance, the B27-negative ones show no significant difference between sexes (perhaps a slight female excess). Similar findings have been reported by","year":"1977","unstructured":"Whereas the B27-positive probands display an evident male preponderance, the B27-negative ones show no significant difference between sexes (perhaps a slight female excess). Similar findings have been reported by Calin et al. (1977).","journal-title":"Calin et al"},{"issue":"33","key":"ref_8","article-title":"In spite of the lack of statistical significance for most of the differences reported, it is none the less justified the attempt of splitting sacroiliitis into two distinct nosological entities. One, recognised through the presence of the B27 marker, shows family data very similar to those reported by our","volume-title":"In both diseases the frequency of secondary cases among first-degree relatives is high and confined to carriers of the B27 chromosome. Moreover, the ratio of B27 affected individuals to total B27 relatives, which allows an estimate of the penetrance of the 'illness susceptibility","author":"al","year":"1977","unstructured":"In spite of the lack of statistical significance for most of the differences reported, it is none the less justified the attempt of splitting sacroiliitis into two distinct nosological entities. One, recognised through the presence of the B27 marker, shows family data very similar to those reported by our group for AS (Daneo et al., 1977; Kidd et al., 1977). In both diseases the frequency of secondary cases among first-degree relatives is high and confined to carriers of the B27 chromosome. Moreover, the ratio of B27 affected individuals to total B27 relatives, which allows an estimate of the penetrance of the 'illness susceptibility' gene, is very similar: 33 % versus approximately 35 %."},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"According to the majority of published data, the frequency of B27 in AS 'complicating' Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is significantly higher than in normal controls but significantly lower (60%) than in patients affected by typical uncomplicated","volume-title":"By contrast SI, which accompanies the above syndromes in about 15 % of cases (Wright and Watkinson, 1965), shows a level of the B27 marker of about 20-30%, ie, not significantly lower than the level observed by us for uncomplicated SI. This suggests that the threshold of liability for AS is lowered by the agents responsible for the accompanying disease which can partially substitute and\/or dilute the effect of the major B27-associated gene. The same agents also increase the liability for SI (15% versus 1.5% in the general population), again suggesting a partially common aetiology between the two diseases","year":"1977","unstructured":"According to the majority of published data, the frequency of B27 in AS 'complicating' Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is significantly higher than in normal controls but significantly lower (60%) than in patients affected by typical uncomplicated AS (Russell, 1977). By contrast SI, which accompanies the above syndromes in about 15 % of cases (Wright and Watkinson, 1965), shows a level of the B27 marker of about 20-30%, ie, not significantly lower than the level observed by us for uncomplicated SI. This suggests that the threshold of liability for AS is lowered by the agents responsible for the accompanying disease which can partially substitute and\/or dilute the effect of the major B27-associated gene. The same agents also increase the liability for SI (15% versus 1.5% in the general population), again suggesting a partially common aetiology between the two diseases."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780140103","article-title":"The rarity of ankylosing spondylitis in the Black Race","volume":"14","author":"Baum, J.; Morris, Z.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Baum, J., and Morris, Z. (1971). The rarity of ankylosing spondylitis in the Black Race. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 14, 12-18.","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref_11","first-page":"24","article-title":"HLA B27 and ankylosing spondylitis in the Israeli population","volume":"4","author":"Brautbar, C.; Porat, S.; Nelken, D.; Gabriel, K.R.; Cohen, T.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Brautbar, C., Porat, S., Nelken, D., Gabriel, K. R., and Cohen, T. (1977). HLA B27 and ankylosing spondylitis in the Israeli population. Journal of Rheumatology, 4 (Suppl. 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