{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T04:13:18Z","timestamp":1768450398898,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,3,1]],"date-time":"1991-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":667785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,3,1]],"date-time":"1991-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":667785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ard.eular.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,3]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/ard.50.3.158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,28]],"date-time":"2008-07-28T23:49:46Z","timestamp":1217288986000},"page":"158-161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["A longitudinal study of back pain and radiological changes in the lumbar spines of middle aged women. I. Clinical findings."],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"D.P","family":"Symmons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.M","family":"van Hemert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.P","family":"Vandenbroucke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.A","family":"Valkenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"63","key":"ref_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Low back symptoms in a Swedish female population","volume":"1969","author":"Hirsch, C.; Jonsson, B.; Lewin, T.","unstructured":"Hirsch C, Jonsson B, Lewin T. Low back symptoms in a Swedish female population. Clin Orthop 1969; 63: 171-6.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198365020-00010","article-title":"Risk factors in low back pain. An epidemiological study","volume":"65","author":"W, Frymoyer J.; H, Pope M.; H, Clements J.; G, Wilder D.; B, MacPherson; T, Ashikaga","year":"1983","unstructured":"Frymoyer J W, Pope M H, Clements J H, Wilder D G, MacPherson B, Ashikaga T. Risk factors in low back pain. An epidemiological study. J Bone joint Surg [Am] 1983; 65: 213-8.","journal-title":"J Bone joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198009000-00005","article-title":"Epidemiologic studies of back pain","volume":"5","author":"W, Frymoyer J.; H, Pope M.; C, Costanza M.; C, Rosen J.; E, Goggin J.; G, Wilder D.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Frymoyer J W, Pope M H, Costanza M C, Rosen J C, Goggin J E, Wilder D G. Epidemiologic studies of back pain. Spine 1980; 5: 419-23.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198405000-00012","article-title":"The relationship between work history, work environment and low back pain in men","volume":"9","author":"K, Damkot D.; H, Pope M.; J; W, Frymoyer J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Damkot D K, Pope M H, Lord J, Frymoyer J W. The relationship between work history, work environment and low back pain in men. Spine 1984; 9: 395-9.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(73)90012-X","article-title":"A social epidemiology of back pain in a general population","volume":"26","author":"Z, Nagi S.; E, Riley L.; G, Newby L.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Nagi S Z, Riley L E, Newby L G. A social epidemiology of back pain in a general population. J Chronic Dis 1973; 26: 769-79.","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780301107","article-title":"Functional disability due to back pain: a population-based study indicating the importance of socio-economic factors","volume":"30","author":"A, Deyo R.; Y-J, Tsui-Wu","year":"1987","unstructured":"Deyo R A, Tsui-Wu Y-J. Functional disability due to back pain: a population-based study indicating the importance of socio-economic factors. Arthritis Rheum 1987; 30: 1247-53.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2340\/165019771983151116","article-title":"A prospective study of back pain in a general population","volume":"15","author":"Biering-Sorensen, F.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Biering-Sorensen F. A prospective study of back pain in a general population. Scand J Rehabil Med 1983; 15: 71-9.","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"30","article-title":"One year incidence of low back pain among male residents of Copenhagen aged 40-50","volume":"21","author":"Gyntelberg, F.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Gyntelberg F. One year incidence of low back pain among male residents of Copenhagen aged 40-50. Dan Med Bull 1974; 21: 30-6.","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"209","article-title":"Prognostic indicators in low back pain","volume":"31","author":"A, Pedersen P.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Pedersen P A. Prognostic indicators in low back pain. J R Coll Gen Pract 1981; 31: 209-16.","journal-title":"J R Coll Gen Pract"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"82","article-title":"Acute back syndrome-a study from general practice","volume":"ii:","author":"B, Dillane J.; J, Fry; G, Kalton","year":"1966","unstructured":"Dillane J B, Fry J, Kalton G. Acute back syndrome-a study from general practice. Br Medj 1966; ii: 82-4.","journal-title":"Br Medj"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198003000-00012","article-title":"The relation between biomechanical and psychological factors in patients with low back pain","volume":"5","author":"H, Pope M.; C, Rosen J.; G, Wilder D.; W, Frymoyer J.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Pope M H, Rosen J C, Wilder D G, Frymoyer J W. The relation between biomechanical and psychological factors in patients with low back pain. Spine 1980; 5: 173-8.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"9","article-title":"The epidemiology of low back pain","volume-title":"on idiopathic low back pain","author":"A, Valkenburg H.; M, Haanen H.C.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Valkenburg H A, Haanen H C M. The epidemiology of low back pain. In: White A, Gordon S L, eds. Symposium on idiopathic low back pain. Miami: Mosby, 1980: 9-22."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"162","article-title":"A longitudinal study of back pain and radiological changes in the lumbar spines of middle aged women","volume":"50","author":"M, Symmons D.P.; van Hemert A M; P, Vandenbroucke J.; A, Valkenburg H.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Symmons D P M, van Hemert A M, Vandenbroucke J P, Valkenburg H A. A longitudinal study of back pain and radiological changes in the lumbar spines of middle aged women. II. Radiographic findings. Ann Rheum Dis 1991; 50: 162-6.","journal-title":"II. Radiographic findings. Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112220","article-title":"Estimability and estimation in case-referrent studies","volume":"103","author":"S, Miettinen O.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Miettinen O S. Estimability and estimation in case-referrent studies. Am J Epidemiol 1976; 103: 226-35.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"330","article-title":"Stepwise logistic regression","volume-title":"statistical software","author":"Engelman, L.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Engelman L. Stepwise logistic regression. In: Dixon W J, ed. BMDP statistical software. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983: 330-4."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198304000-00008","article-title":"Low-back-pain in relation to other diseases and cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"8","author":"Svensson, H.-O.; Vedin, A.; Wilhelmsson, C.; J, Andersson G.B.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Svensson H-O, Vedin A, Wilhelmsson C, Andersson G B J. Low-back-pain in relation to other diseases and cardiovascular risk factors. Spine 1983; 8: 277-85.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-196904000-00001","article-title":"Low back pain in industry. A position paper","volume":"11","author":"L, Rowe M.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Rowe M L. Low back pain in industry. A position paper. J Occup Med 1969; 11: 161-9.","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198101000-00014","article-title":"pain in industry. A prospective study","volume":"6","author":"G, Troup J.D.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Troup J D G, Martin J W, Lloyd D C E F. Back pain in industry. A prospective study. Spine 1981; 6: 61-9.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.17.4.388","article-title":"Osteoarthrosis and disk degeneration in an urban population","volume":"17","author":"H, Kellgren J.; S, Lawrence J.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Kellgren J H, Lawrence J S. Osteoarthrosis and disk degeneration in an urban population. Ann Rheun Dis 1958; 17: 388-96.","journal-title":"Ann Rheun Dis"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198609000-00011","article-title":"social and occupational history as risk indicators for low back trouble in the general population","volume":"11","author":"Biering-Sorensen, F.; Medical, Thomsen C.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Biering-Sorensen F, Thomsen C. Medical, social and occupational history as risk indicators for low back trouble in the general population. Spine 1986; 11: 720-5.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"178","article-title":"Psychologic factors in low-back-pain disability","author":"W, Frymoyer J.; C, Rosen J.; J, Clements; H, Pope M.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Frymoyer J W, Rosen J C, Clements J, Pope M H. Psychologic factors in low-back-pain disability.Clin Orthop 1985; 195: 178-84.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198802043180506","article-title":"Back pain and sciatica","volume":"318","author":"W, Frymoyer J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Frymoyer J W. Back pain and sciatica. N EnglJ7 Med 1988; 318: 291-300.","journal-title":"N EnglJ7 Med"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1982.00340190064013","article-title":"Roentgenograms in primary care patients with acute low back pain: a cost-effective analysis","volume":"142","author":"Liang, M.; L, Komaroff A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Liang M, Komaroff A L. Roentgenograms in primary care patients with acute low back pain: a cost-effective analysis. Arch Intern Med 1982; 142: 1108-12.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003496724110862?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003496724110862?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/ard.50.3.158","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T06:18:33Z","timestamp":1738304313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003496724110862"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003496724110862"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.50.3.158","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4967","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A longitudinal study of back pain and radiological changes in the lumbar spines of middle aged women. I. Clinical findings.","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.50.3.158","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.50.9.658-a","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1991 \u00a9 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology, EULAR. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}