{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T18:19:42Z","timestamp":1773685182559,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ard.eular.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,13]],"date-time":"2002-12-13T00:42:54Z","timestamp":1039740174000},"page":"50-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Infectious CNS disease as a differential diagnosis in systemic rheumatic diseases: three case reports and a review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Warnatz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H H","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Wiese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Prasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Petschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Vaith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Volk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S M","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(79)80009-8","article-title":"Central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of neuropathologic findings in 57 cases, 1955\u20131977","volume":"8","author":"Ellis","year":"1979","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780280710","article-title":"Antineuronal antibodies in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"28","author":"How","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.49.4.249","article-title":"Serum lymphocytotoxic antibodies and neurocognitive function in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"49","author":"Long","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib4","first-page":"47","article-title":"The incidence and prognosis of central nervous system disease in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"19","author":"Sibley","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s002960050108","article-title":"A longitudinal study of autoantibodies against central nervous system tissue and gangliosides in connective tissue diseases","volume":"19","author":"Weiner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199904)42:4<599::AID-ANR2>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology nomenclature and case definitions for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes","volume":"42","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.5.377","article-title":"Diagnosis and monitoring of central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: value of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET","volume":"59","author":"Weiner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199910)42:10<2026::AID-ANR2>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Neuroimaging in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"42","author":"Sibbitt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib9","first-page":"325","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric lupus","volume":"7","author":"Abel","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/29.6.1028","article-title":"Interpretation of cerebrospinal fluid protein assays in various neurologic diseases","volume":"29","author":"Christenson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-116-6-488","article-title":"Wegener granulomatosis: an analysis of 158 patients","volume":"116","author":"Hoffman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-98-1-76","article-title":"Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis: prospective clinical and therapeutic experience with 85 patients for 21 years","volume":"98","author":"Fauci","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410330103","article-title":"Neurological involvement in Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis: an analysis of 324 consecutive patients at the Mayo Clinic","volume":"33","author":"Nishino","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1963.00460020045003","article-title":"Neurological complications of Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis","volume":"8","author":"Drachman","year":"1963","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.213.3.r99dc11794","article-title":"Wegener granulomatosis: MR imaging findings in brain and meninges","volume":"213","author":"Murphy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400326","article-title":"Chronic meningitis with cranial neuropathies in Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis. Case report and review of the literature","volume":"40","author":"Jinnah","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.59.3.293","article-title":"Primary angiitis of the central nervous system: diagnostic criteria and clinical approach","volume":"59","author":"Calabrese","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.177.2.1770455","article-title":"Reliability of normal findings on MR imaging for excluding the diagnosis of vasculitis of the central nervous system","volume":"177","author":"Wasserman","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198801000-00002","article-title":"Primary angiitis of the central nervous system. Report of 8 new cases, review of the literature, and proposal for diagnostic criteria","volume":"67","author":"Calabrese","year":"1988","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib20","first-page":"75","article-title":"CNS vasculitis in autoimmune disease: MR imaging findings and correlation with angiography","volume":"20","author":"Pomper","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.182.1.1727311","article-title":"Cerebral vasculitis: MR imaging and angiographic correlation","volume":"182","author":"Greenan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib22","first-page":"1277","article-title":"Sensitivities of noninvasive tests for central nervous system vasculitis: a comparison of lumbar puncture, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"21","author":"Stone","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050205","article-title":"Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease and the nervous system","volume":"245","author":"Serdaroglu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.11.2171","article-title":"Clinical patterns of neurological involvement in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: evaluation of 200 patients. The Neuro-Beh\u00e7et Study Group","volume":"122","author":"Akman-Demir","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200109000-00002","article-title":"Mortality and causes of death in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"13","author":"Trager","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.12.1141","article-title":"Risk factors and prognostic influence of infection in a single cohort of 87 adults with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"60","author":"Noel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9071(200012)62:4<505::AID-JMV16>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Treatment with cytotoxic immunosuppression agents increases urinary excretion of JCV in patients with autoimmune disease","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289809113482","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with HIV infection","volume":"4","author":"Berger","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1024382","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy as a result of immunosuppressive therapy","volume":"124","author":"Arbusow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib30","first-page":"1609","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"26","author":"Ahmed","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197202242860801","article-title":"Isolation of virus related to SV40 from patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"286","author":"Weiner","year":"1972","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410010216","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and cryptococcal meningitis with systemic lupus erythematosus and thymoma","volume":"1","author":"Malas","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290305","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicating systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"29","author":"Newton","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410110218","article-title":"Primary cerebellopontine progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy diagnosed premortem by cerebellar biopsy","volume":"11","author":"Jones","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib35","first-page":"313","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy resembling central nervous system systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"16","author":"Kinoshita","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib36","first-page":"799","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy confirmed at autopsy in a case of systemic lupus erythematosus with marked psychiatric symptoms","volume":"14","author":"Midorikawa","year":"1974","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410170407","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: clinical and radiographic features","volume":"17","author":"Krupp","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(05)82920-4","article-title":"Case report: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with prominent medullary veins on angiogram","volume":"49","author":"Tomura","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib39","first-page":"777","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and polymyositis","volume":"22","author":"Rankin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.25.7.664","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a complication of immunosuppressive treatment","volume":"25","author":"Sponzilli","year":"1975","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199506293322609","article-title":"Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 20\u20131995. A 66-year-old man with a history of rheumatoid arthritis treated with adrenocorticosteroids, with the development of aphasia and right-sided weakness","volume":"332","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib42","first-page":"1593","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicating treatment for Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis","volume":"22","author":"Morgenstern","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03490050048011","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following treatment for Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis","volume":"268","author":"Choy","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01717330","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis in relation to therapy with cyclosporin A","volume":"67","author":"Ettinger","year":"1989","journal-title":"Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680009300710","article-title":"Unsuccessful treatment with cidofovir and cytarabine in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with dermatomyositis","volume":"93","author":"Tubridy","year":"2000","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01999899","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy during cyclosporine treatment. A case report","volume":"17","author":"Gentile","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ital J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib47","first-page":"222","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy as a cause of neurologic symptoms in Sharp syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Schneider","year":"1991","journal-title":"Z Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/314830","article-title":"BK and JC viruses in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalent and persistent BK viruria, sequence stability of the viral regulatory regions, and nondetectable viremia","volume":"180","author":"Sundsfjord","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.1999.0606","article-title":"Fatal course of HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy despite successful highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"40","author":"Weiner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1086\/514617","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia","volume":"27","author":"Bezrodnik","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.2.133","article-title":"Links between complement abnormalities and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"39","author":"Pickering","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib52","first-page":"1896","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS: are there any MR findings useful to patient management and predictive of patient survival? AIDS Clinical Trials Group, 243 Team","volume":"20","author":"Post","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(96)91157-3","article-title":"Clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapy of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"32","author":"Brink","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050590","article-title":"Contrast enhancement in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a predictive factor for long-term survival?","volume":"247","author":"Arbusow","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.51.10.1152","article-title":"Central nervous system systemic lupus erythematosus mimicking progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy","volume":"51","author":"Kaye","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.2.253","article-title":"JC virus DNA load in patients with and without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"52","author":"Koralnik","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(96)05311-7","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria and clinical procedures in HIV-1 associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"147","author":"von Giesen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70355-8","article-title":"Vasculitis owing to infection","volume":"15","author":"Gerber","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib59","first-page":"2273","article-title":"Isolated central nervous system vasculitis associated with hepatitis C infection","volume":"26","author":"Dawson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-000-0053-7","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"2","author":"Berger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.4065\/75.8.856","article-title":"Meningeal involvement in Wegener granulomatosis","volume":"75","author":"Specks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(97)80003-0","article-title":"Nocardiosis in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"26","author":"Mok","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050460","article-title":"Infection caused by Nocardia farcinica: case report and review","volume":"19","author":"Torres","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200108093450606","article-title":"Toxic leukoencephalopathy","volume":"345","author":"Filley","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s001080170106","article-title":"Infectious inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system from the neurological and internal medicine viewpoint","volume":"42","author":"Pfister","year":"2001","journal-title":"Internist (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/92.2.103","article-title":"Central nervous system sarcoidosis-diagnosis and management","volume":"92","author":"Zajicek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150170175","article-title":"Neurosarcoidosis: a review of its intracranial manifestation","volume":"248","author":"Nowak","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150170154","article-title":"Vasculitis of the nervous system","volume":"248","author":"Siva","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib69","first-page":"293","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid analysis","volume":"41","author":"Gluck","year":"2000","journal-title":"Internist (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s001170050871","article-title":"Clinico-neurologic aspects of acute inflammatory brain diseases","volume":"40","author":"Block","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiologe"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.61.4.339","article-title":"The role of laboratory investigation in the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected herpes simplex encephalitis: a consensus report. The EU Concerted Action on Virus Meningitis and Encephalitis","volume":"61","author":"Cinque","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.11.2183","article-title":"Neurological complications in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s syndrome","volume":"122","author":"Kidd","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.2.351","article-title":"Acute, chronic, and recurrent varicella zoster virus neuropathy without zoster rash","volume":"57","author":"Fox","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra993360","article-title":"Immunomodulation of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases with intravenous immune globulin","volume":"345","author":"Kazatchkine","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)09377-4","article-title":"Randomised placebo-controlled trial of monthly intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in relapsing-remitting sclerosis","volume":"349","author":"Fazekas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003496724091350?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003496724091350?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/ard.62.1.50","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T08:48:56Z","timestamp":1736066936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003496724091350"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003496724091350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.62.1.50","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4967","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Infectious CNS disease as a differential diagnosis in systemic rheumatic diseases: three case reports and a review of the literature","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.62.1.50","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2003 Copyright 2003 by Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, Published by Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}