{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T16:07:39Z","timestamp":1785600459258,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A 20-year-old female patient was presented with a 1-year history of progressive weakness of the left hand. Examination on admission showed atrophy of the muscles of the left forearm, cold paralysis and minipolymyoclonus. MR images of the cervical cord showed anterior transfer of the cervical cord on anterior flexion and cervical cord compression at the site of cervical kyphosis, confirming the diagnosis of Hirayama disease. Many features of the present case are unusual: the patient is a female (who are rarely afflicted by this disease), with cervical kyphosis and a history of exercise involving cervical vertebral loading, suggesting a potential involvement of the latter two factors in the disease onset. The findings suggest that cervical vertebral dysplasia and intervertebral disc degeneration may influence cervical kyphosis, and be involved in the onset of Hirayama disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-006885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,9]],"date-time":"2012-11-09T16:44:01Z","timestamp":1352479441000},"page":"bcr2012006885","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A 20-year-old female with Hirayama disease complicated with dysplasia of the cervical vertebrae and degeneration of intervertebral discs"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Masaya","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Sakimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.13.5.373","article-title":"Juvenile muscular atrophy of unilateral upper extremity","volume":"13","author":"Hirayama","year":"1963","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.2","unstructured":"Hirayama K . Non-progressive juvenile spinal muscular atrophy of the distal upper limb (Hirayama's disease). In: DeJong JMBV , ed. Disease of motor system, handbook of clinical neurology, vol 15. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991:107\u201320."},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.10.1922","article-title":"Cervical dural sac and spinal cord in juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremity","volume":"54","author":"Hirayama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/14660820500396877","article-title":"Nationwide survey of juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremity (Hirayama disease) in Japan","volume":"7","author":"Tashiro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2003.02142.x"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.3.314"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20980"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17482960902912407"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00313354"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.39307"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-3026.73528"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.94993"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehman VT Luetmer PH Sorenson EJ . Cervical spine MR imaging findings of patients with Hirayama disease in North America: a multisite study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol Published Online First: 9 August 2012. doi:10.3174\/ajnr.A3277","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3277"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.14","first-page":"625","article-title":"A case of flexion myelopathy presenting juvenile segmental muscular atrophy of upper extremities- successful treatment by cervical spine immobilization","volume":"30","author":"Masaki","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2531\/spinalsurg.5.113","article-title":"Muscular atrophy of bilateral upper extremities associated with cervical spina bifida","volume":"5","author":"Takahashi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Spinal Surg"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.3.285"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.17","first-page":"512","article-title":"Sur quelques aspects cliniques et neuropathologiques des troubles de la circulation dans la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re","volume":"24","author":"Lapresle","year":"1969","journal-title":"Bull Schweiz Akad Med Wiss"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.39.283"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.3.214"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.66.6.0935"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199508040-00009","article-title":"Isolated muscle atrophy of the distal upper extremity in cervical spinal cord compressive disorders","volume":"8","author":"Shinomiya","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"2025042707305606000_2012.nov07_1.bcr2012006885.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.58.1.56"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2012-006885","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T14:31:08Z","timestamp":1745764268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2012-006885"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,9]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2012-006885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2012-006885","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,9]]}}}