{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T18:25:13Z","timestamp":1760984713705,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Blinking of eye is a routine human activity which seldom attracts any attention of clinicians in health and disease. There is experimental evidence that blink rate is affected in extrapyramidal disorders affecting the balance of these neurotransmitters. However, no observations regarding blink rate in Wilson disease (WD) have been reported previously. We report a patient of WD with an increased spontaneous blink rate. A 24-year-old lady presented complaining of tremulousness of both upper limbs and head for 2\u2005years, dysphagia and difficulty in speaking for 1.5\u2005years and abnormal behaviour for last 1\u2005year. We observed that her blink rate at rest was 32\/min. Serum ceruloplasmin level was low (0.08\u2005g\/l). The patient was started on therapy with <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-penicillamine, zinc sulphate, levodopa-carbidopa and trihexiphenidyl. At 1-month follow-up, patient's tremors were markedly decreased and blink rate at rest was decreased to 12\/min.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-007367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]],"date-time":"2012-11-27T12:53:18Z","timestamp":1354020798000},"page":"bcr2012007367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Is blinking of the eyes affected in extrapyramidal disorders? An interesting observation in a patient with Wilson disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Lalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tushar B","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082702152116000_2012.nov22_2.bcr2012007367.1","first-page":"443","article-title":"Blinking","volume":"237","author":"Karson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol"},{"key":"2025082702152116000_2012.nov22_2.bcr2012007367.2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Physiology of normal and abnormal blinking","volume":"49","author":"Karson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"2025082702152116000_2012.nov22_2.bcr2012007367.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120629"},{"key":"2025082702152116000_2012.nov22_2.bcr2012007367.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(81)90070-6"},{"key":"2025082702152116000_2012.nov22_2.bcr2012007367.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1118"},{"key":"2025082702152116000_2012.nov22_2.bcr2012007367.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459608986684"},{"key":"2025082702152116000_2012.nov22_2.bcr2012007367.7","unstructured":"Lewit P Pfeiffer R . Neurologic aspects of Wilson's disease: clinical manifestations and treatment considerations. In: Jankovic J Tolosa E , eds. Parkinson's disease & movement disorders. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007:255\u201370."},{"key":"2025082702152116000_2012.nov22_2.bcr2012007367.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.54.1.12"},{"key":"2025082702152116000_2012.nov22_2.bcr2012007367.9","first-page":"174","article-title":"A three-year prospective study of spontaneous eye-blink rate in first-episode schizophrenia: relationship with relapse and neurocognitive function","volume":"20","author":"Chan","year":"2010","journal-title":"East Asian Arch Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025082702152116000_2012.nov22_2.bcr2012007367.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-004-0990-z"},{"key":"2025082702152116000_2012.nov22_2.bcr2012007367.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7308","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-22-07308.1996","article-title":"An explanation for reflex blink hyperexcitability in Parkinson's disease. I. Superior colliculus","volume":"16","author":"Basso","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurosci"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2012-007367","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T09:15:29Z","timestamp":1756286129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2012-007367"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2012-007367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2012-007367","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]]}}}