{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:48:21Z","timestamp":1792183701079,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A 62-year-old British man with advanced HIV was established on antiretroviral therapy and treatment for disseminated <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic> complex and <jats:italic>Cytomegalovirus<\/jats:italic> infections. One month later he re-presented with epigastric pain, an epigastric mass and skin lesions. Abdominal imaging revealed large volume lymphadenopathy, which was not present on previous imaging. Blood cultures yielded <jats:italic>Penicillium marneffei<\/jats:italic>, a dimorphic fungus endemic to South-east Asia. The patient had spent several years travelling in Thailand prior to the diagnosis of HIV. Penicilliosis is a common AIDS-defining illness in endemic areas, but remains rare in Europe. In this case, it presented in the context of a rapidly decreasing viral load as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. The challenges of management in the context of multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-007555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,29]],"date-time":"2013-01-29T06:18:54Z","timestamp":1359440334000},"page":"bcr2012007555","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["<i>Penicillium marneffei<\/i> presenting as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in a patient with advanced HIV"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Hajjawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, North Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals, Grimsby, North East Lincolnshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Barlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiten","family":"Thaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082804571351000_2013.jan28_1.bcr2012007555.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2007.051953"},{"key":"2025082804571351000_2013.jan28_1.bcr2012007555.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/426078"},{"key":"2025082804571351000_2013.jan28_1.bcr2012007555.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2011.00944_1.x","article-title":"British HIV Association and British Infection Association guidelines for the treatment of opportunistic infection in HIV-seropositive individuals 2011","volume":"12","author":"Nelson","year":"2011","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"2025082804571351000_2013.jan28_1.bcr2012007555.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.8.1832","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of voriconazole against some clinically important fungi","volume":"41","author":"McGinnis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025082804571351000_2013.jan28_1.bcr2012007555.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.350","article-title":"Voriconazole as therapy for systemic Penicillium marneffei infections in AIDS patients","volume":"77","author":"Supparatpinyo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2025082804571351000_2013.jan28_1.bcr2012007555.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong SYN Wong KF . 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