{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:26:42Z","timestamp":1759336002908,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is an insidious chronic progressive disease of the oral cavity which is considered as a precancerous condition. The suggested aetiological factor is the practice of certain customs\/habits of the inhabitants of South East Asia. As the disease progresses, the oral mucosa becomes stiff due to the formation of fibrotic bands in the cheek, ultimately leading to reduced mouth opening and trismus. The early form of the disease can be treated by medicinal means, however, advance form needs surgical excision of the fibrotic tissue bands. The defect created due to the excision needs to be repaired by various grafts including split thickness skin grafting, bilateral nasolabial flaps, palatal island flaps, tongue flaps, buccal fat pad graft and temporalis muscle flap graft. We present the management of trismus following OSMF by various surgical approaches in three cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-007871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]],"date-time":"2013-01-03T03:10:10Z","timestamp":1357182610000},"page":"bcr2012007871","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Management of oral submucous fibrosis by different surgical approaches: report of three cases"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chandra Dental College and Hospital, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ambrish","family":"Kaushal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Chandra Dental College and Hospital, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajeev Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, King George\u2032s Medical University (Erstwhile Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yogesh","family":"Upadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Chandra Dental College and Hospital, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082804212828000_2013.jan02_1.bcr2012007871.1","unstructured":"Rajendran R . Benign and malignant tumours of the Oral cavity. In: Rajendran R Sivapathasundharam B . eds. Shafer's text book of oral pathology. 6th edn. Noida (UP), India: Elsevier, 2009:96\u20138."},{"key":"2025082804212828000_2013.jan02_1.bcr2012007871.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(91)90002-4"},{"key":"2025082804212828000_2013.jan02_1.bcr2012007871.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saravanan K Narayanan V . The use of buccal fat pad in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis: a newer method. Int J Dent 2012:935135","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/935135"},{"key":"2025082804212828000_2013.jan02_1.bcr2012007871.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2011.01791.x"},{"key":"2025082804212828000_2013.jan02_1.bcr2012007871.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01209.x"},{"key":"2025082804212828000_2013.jan02_1.bcr2012007871.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-5950.79222"},{"key":"2025082804212828000_2013.jan02_1.bcr2012007871.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-433X.121154","article-title":"Multimodal treatment options for oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"1","author":"Gnanam","year":"2010","journal-title":"SRM Univ J Dental Sci"},{"key":"2025082804212828000_2013.jan02_1.bcr2012007871.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-117X(83)90023-9","article-title":"The versatility of the lateral tongue flap in the reconstruction of defects of oral cavity","volume":"21","author":"Vaughan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Oral Surg"},{"key":"2025082804212828000_2013.jan02_1.bcr2012007871.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(91)90141-8","article-title":"Temporalis myofascial flap for maxillo-facial reconstruction","volume":"49","author":"Colmenero","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2012-007871","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T11:21:35Z","timestamp":1756380095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2012-007871"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]]},"references-count":9,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2012-007871"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2012-007871","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]]}}}