{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:59:18Z","timestamp":1792148358201,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A 58-year-old woman presented to a tertiary care centre with signs and symptoms of acute cholecystitis, cholelithiasis and diagnoses of a high-grade neuroendocrine tumour of the gallbladder primarily with peritoneal and liver metastases. She had a liver abscess secondary to<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Enterococcus fecalis<\/jats:italic>that was drained and treated with appropriate antibiotics. Interestingly, the serum chromogranin A levels were within normal limits, but carcinoembryonic antigen was elevated, which helped evaluate responses and pick progression. She was treated with 10 cycles of palliative chemotherapy when malignancy associated complications started to recur, that is, cholangitis, worsening pain, cachexia, intestinal obstruction, etc leading to chemotherapy delays. Her disease progressed during these times with rapid deterioration of performance status. She died of septic complications postlaparotomy for intestinal obstruction. Her progression-free survival remained for 8\u2005months with subjective and objective improvements, and her overall survival remained at 13\u2005months. We describe the course of her illness and give a brief review of the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-008778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,9]],"date-time":"2013-05-09T03:55:02Z","timestamp":1368071702000},"page":"bcr2013008778","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Malignant neuroendocrine tumour of the gallbladder with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen: case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Furrukh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asim","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Saparamadu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyam","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025042707514238000_2013.may08_1.bcr2013008778.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181d7a6d4","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors of the gallbladder: an evaluation and reassessment of management strategy","volume":"2013","author":"Eltawil","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025042707514238000_2013.may08_1.bcr2013008778.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers4010141","article-title":"Chromogranin A as serum marker for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a single center experience and literature review","volume":"2013","author":"N\u00f6lting","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"2025042707514238000_2013.may08_1.bcr2013008778.3","first-page":"509","article-title":"Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in gallbladder bile and mucosa in cholecystolithiasis","volume":"2013","author":"Akiyama","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"2025042707514238000_2013.may08_1.bcr2013008778.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.9.1274","article-title":"Carcinoid tumor of the gallbladder","volume":"2013","author":"Deehan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2025042707514238000_2013.may08_1.bcr2013008778.5","first-page":"14","article-title":"Karzinoidtumor der Gallenblase","volume":"2013","author":"Joel","year":"1929","journal-title":"Zentralbl Allg Pathol"},{"key":"2025042707514238000_2013.may08_1.bcr2013008778.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(86)80134-4","article-title":"Intestinal metaplasia of the gallbladder: a morphologic and immunocytochemical study","volume":"2013","author":"Albores-Saavedra","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"2025042707514238000_2013.may08_1.bcr2013008778.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i10.1608","article-title":"H. pylori exist in the gallbladder mucosa of patients with chronic cholecystitis","volume":"2013","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025042707514238000_2013.may08_1.bcr2013008778.8","first-page":"1488","article-title":"Heterotopic gastric mucosa in a gallbladder with an anomalous union of the pancreatobiliary duct: a case report","volume":"2013","author":"Wakiyama","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"2025042707514238000_2013.may08_1.bcr2013008778.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1677\/erc.0.0110001","article-title":"Neuroendoctine tumors","volume":"2013","author":"Barakat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"2025042707514238000_2013.may08_1.bcr2013008778.10","first-page":"287","article-title":"Molecular targeted therapies in the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"2013","author":"Capderila","year":"2008","journal-title":"Target Oncol"},{"key":"2025042707514238000_2013.may08_1.bcr2013008778.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.4377","article-title":"One hundred years after \u201ccarcinoid\u201d: epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumors in 35,825 cases in the United States","volume":"2013","author":"Yao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2025042707514238000_2013.may08_1.bcr2013008778.12","first-page":"547","article-title":"Revised classification of neuroendocrine tumours of the lung, pancreas and gut","volume":"2013","author":"Capella","year":"1995","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"2025042707514238000_2013.may08_1.bcr2013008778.13","unstructured":"Rindi G Arnold R Bosman FT . 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Placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective, randomized study of the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors: a report from the PROMID study group. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:4656\u201363.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.22.8510"},{"key":"2025042707514238000_2013.may08_1.bcr2013008778.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao JC Hainsworth JD Baudin E . Everolimus plus octreotide LAR (E+O) versus placebo plus octreotide LAR(P+O) in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NET): updated results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase III trial (RADIANT-2). 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