{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:04:22Z","timestamp":1756339462603,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gingival enlargement is a clinical condition that has been widely studied and is directly associated with specific local or systemic conditions. Pregnancy has been presented to increase susceptibility to gingival inflammation. Sex hormones are believed to be a risk factor for periodontitis because of their ability to proliferate specific periodontal microorganisms and affect host immunological response, but it is unclear whether pregnancy gingivitis exposes or proceeds to periodontitis. In this case report, the patient reported with severe localised enlarged gingival mass which initiated when she was pregnant. After parturition, gingival enlargement was persisting and causing functional and aesthetic problem. Enlargement did not resolve even after non-surgical therapy; therefore, surgical excision of the entire enlarged gingival mass was preformed. Histopathological examination revealed capillary haemangioma. No evidence of malignancy was seen. No recurrence was seen even after 2\u2005years of follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-010125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]],"date-time":"2013-06-17T03:24:11Z","timestamp":1371439451000},"page":"bcr2013010125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Harmonious functional and aesthetic correction of severe localised pregnancy-induced gingival enlargement associated with capillary haemangioma"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Shalini","family":"Kaushal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avadhesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Career Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Azmatullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Career Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Career Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajeev Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UttarPradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2025082707162221000_2013.jun16_1.bcr2013010125.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1046\/j..2003.com122.x","article-title":"The World Oral Health Report 2003: continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century\u2014the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme","volume":"2013","author":"Petersen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025082707162221000_2013.jun16_1.bcr2013010125.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00265.x","article-title":"The subgingival microbial flora during pregnancy","volume":"2013","author":"Kornman","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"2025082707162221000_2013.jun16_1.bcr2013010125.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1981.52.10.599","article-title":"The effect of human female sex hormones on subgingival plaque","volume":"2013","author":"Jensen","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Periodontal"},{"key":"2025082707162221000_2013.jun16_1.bcr2013010125.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1994.tb01172.x","article-title":"Experimental gingivitis during pregnancy and postpartum: clinical, endocrinological, and microbiological aspects","volume":"2013","author":"Raver-Durlacher","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontal"},{"key":"2025082707162221000_2013.jun16_1.bcr2013010125.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-6980(76)90155-6","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 in human gingiva in health and disease and its stimulation by female sex steroids","volume":"2013","author":"ElAttar","year":"1976","journal-title":"Prostaglandins"},{"key":"2025082707162221000_2013.jun16_1.bcr2013010125.6","first-page":"1558","article-title":"Alteration in female sex hormones, their effects on oral tissues and dental treatment","volume":"2013","author":"Ferris","year":"1993","journal-title":"Compendium"},{"key":"2025082707162221000_2013.jun16_1.bcr2013010125.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1992.63.1.28","article-title":"Effects of sex hormones on chemotaxis of human peripheral polymorphonulear leukocytes and monocytes","volume":"2013","author":"Miyagi","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Periodontal"},{"key":"2025082707162221000_2013.jun16_1.bcr2013010125.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350260248210","article-title":"Effect of pregnancy on periodontal and dental health","volume":"2013","author":"Laine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"2025082707162221000_2013.jun16_1.bcr2013010125.9","unstructured":"Newman MG Takei HH Carranza FA . Carranza's clinical periodontology. 9th edn. 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