{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T06:52:41Z","timestamp":1781506361502,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gelatinous bone marrow transformation (GMT), also known as starvation bone marrow, has been reported in a number of chronic illnesses, eating disorders (anorexia nervosa) and malignancies. We report the case of a 37-year-old man with a history of bipolar disorder and obesity (weighing &gt;300 pounds) who presented due to recently developing a deep yellow colour to his skin. Over the past 2\u2005years, through diet and exercise, he lost over 150 pounds. He reported running 6\u20138 miles per day and eating \u2018lots of squash\u2019. We made the diagnosis of starvation hepatitis and bone marrow degeneration, and referred the patient to a dietician and haematologist\/oncologist, where improvements were observed at 4\u2005weeks follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-200243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T08:34:11Z","timestamp":1373963651000},"page":"bcr2013200243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gelatinous bone marrow transformation secondary to unusual eating habits and drastic weight loss"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2013","author":[{"family":"Rafiullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Ministry Saint Clare's Hospital, Weston, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rezwan","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology\/Hematology, Marshfield Clinic, Weston, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Ministry Saint Clare's Hospital, Weston, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kajal V","family":"Sitwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200001000-00007","article-title":"Gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow: the spectrum of underlying diseases","volume":"2013","author":"Bohm","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(78)80051-3","article-title":"Gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow","volume":"2013","author":"Seaman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.3","unstructured":"Ellison PT . On fertile ground: a natural history of human reproduction. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001:358."},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19690103","article-title":"The effect of protein-calorie malnutrition on composition of the human femur","volume":"2013","author":"Dickerson","year":"1969","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.5","first-page":"103","article-title":"Histochemical studies of bone marrow cells in kwashiorkor","volume":"2013","author":"Khalil","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr Environ Child Health"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02807269","article-title":"Hematological findings in Kwashiorkar","volume":"2013","author":"Rao","year":"1970","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.7","first-page":"585","article-title":"Clinical profile in gelatinous bone marrow transformation","volume":"2013","author":"Sen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(76)80028-X","article-title":"Starvation in man","volume":"2013","author":"Cahill","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)70684-2","article-title":"A role of leptin and its cognate receptors in hematopoeisis","volume":"2013","author":"Benett","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.10","first-page":"337","article-title":", Adipokines in anorexia nervosa: a review focusing on leptin and adiponectin","volume":"2013","author":"Brichard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.11","first-page":"437","article-title":"Leptin in the regulation of immunity, inflammation and hematopoeisis","volume":"2013","author":"Fantuzzi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.12","first-page":"861","article-title":"Osteoblastic cells regulate the haematopoietic stem cell niche","volume":"2013","author":"Calvi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08099","article-title":"Bone-marrow adipocytes as negative regulators of the haematopoietic microenvironment","volume":"2013","author":"Naveiras","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.14","first-page":"383","article-title":"Gelatinous transformation of bone marrow","volume":"2013","author":"Basu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1976.tb01156.x","article-title":"Gelatinous transformation of bone marrow in prolonged self-induced starvation","volume":"2013","author":"Tavassoli","year":"1976","journal-title":"Scand J Haematol"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.16","unstructured":"Foucar K Reichard K Czuchlewski D . Bone marrow pathology. 3rd edn. Chicago: ASCP Press, 2010."},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.49.6.512","article-title":"Gelatinous degeneration presenting as a preleukaemic syndrome","volume":"2013","author":"Arranz","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0344-0338(00)80111-9","article-title":"Gelatinous bone marrow transformation in a case of idiopathic myelofibrosis: a morphological paradox","volume":"2013","author":"B\u00f6hm","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1159\/000108766","article-title":"Gelatinous degeneration of the bone marrow: two case reports showing different hematological features and clinical outcomes","volume":"2013","author":"Niscola","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1309\/2Y7X-YDXK-006B-XLT2","article-title":"Bone marrow changes in anorexia nervosa are correlated with the amount of weight loss and not with other clinical findings","volume":"2013","author":"Albella","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2532","article-title":"Increased bone marrow fat in anorexia nervosa","volume":"2013","author":"Bredella","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.5045\/kjh.2012.47.4.309","article-title":"Long-term survival of a patient with bone marrow gelatinous degeneration of idiopathic origin","volume":"2013","author":"Niscola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Korean J Hematol"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20833","article-title":"Successful management of gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow in anorexia nervosa with hematopoietic factors","volume":"2013","author":"Charania","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830490219","article-title":"Serous fat atrophy in severe anorexia nervosa","volume":"2013","author":"Mehler","year":"1995","journal-title":"AMJ Hematol"},{"key":"2025082804353914000_2013.jul16_1.bcr2013200243.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607187011004422","article-title":"Reversal of severe serous atrophy of bone marrow in anorexia nervosa","volume":"2013","author":"Steinberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2013-200243","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T11:35:53Z","timestamp":1756380953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2013-200243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2013-200243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2013-200243","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]]}}}