{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:00:29Z","timestamp":1787313629358,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Syphilis is a contagious sexually transmitted infection notable for its complex array of systemic presentations. It is caused by the spirochaete\n                    <jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and although once considered to be a largely historical condition in the UK, the recent rise in incidence makes syphilis increasingly relevant when considering unusual presentations in at-risk patients. The disease has three stages: primary, secondary and tertiary. The tertiary stage is associated with a plethora of neurological features ranging from psychosis to seizure caused by direct invasion of the spirochaete into the central nervous system. Here we describe the case of a 45-year-old man presenting with tonic clonic seizures on a background of balance and visual problems. Following normal examination and routine investigations further serology confirmed a diagnosis of neurosyphilis. The patient was started on appropriate treatment and made an excellent clinical recovery.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-200309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]],"date-time":"2013-08-02T10:34:44Z","timestamp":1375439684000},"page":"bcr2013200309","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A complex neurological presentation of syphilis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Max","family":"Kamath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maleeha","family":"Rizvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"O'Nions","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Brook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025042708581281000_2013.aug02_1.bcr2013200309.1","unstructured":"Syphilis and Lymphogranuloma venereum: resurgent sexually transmitted infections in the UK: 2009 report, Health Protection Agency."},{"key":"2025042708581281000_2013.aug02_1.bcr2013200309.2","unstructured":"Gjestland T . The Oslo study of untreated syphilis: an epidemiologic investigation of the natural course of syphilitic infection based on a restudy of the Boeck-Bruusgaard material. Acta Derm Venereol Stokh 1955;2013."},{"key":"2025042708581281000_2013.aug02_1.bcr2013200309.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.2.187","article-title":"Syphilis: review with emphasis on clinical, epidemiologic, and some biologic features","volume":"2013","author":"Singh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2025042708581281000_2013.aug02_1.bcr2013200309.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008279","article-title":"UK national guidelines on the management of syphilis","volume":"2013","author":"Kingston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2025042708581281000_2013.aug02_1.bcr2013200309.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.031922","article-title":"Neurosyphilis in the modern era","volume":"2013","author":"Timmermans","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025042708581281000_2013.aug02_1.bcr2013200309.6","first-page":"133","article-title":"Seizure disorders associated with neurosyphilis","volume":"2013","author":"Hooshmand","year":"1976","journal-title":"Dis Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2025042708581281000_2013.aug02_1.bcr2013200309.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2008.05.003","article-title":"Symptomatic seizures in neurosyphilis: an experience from a university hospital in south India","volume":"2013","author":"Sinha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"2025042708581281000_2013.aug02_1.bcr2013200309.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450701239426","article-title":"Incidence and clinical presentation of neurosyphilis: a retrospective study of 81 cases","volume":"2013","author":"Mitsonis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"2025042708581281000_2013.aug02_1.bcr2013200309.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-6-389","article-title":"Neurosyphilis presenting with unusual hippocampal abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography scans: a case report","volume":"2013","author":"Omer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"2025042708581281000_2013.aug02_1.bcr2013200309.10","first-page":"263","article-title":"Status epilepticus revealing syphilitic meningoencephalitis","volume":"2013","author":"Hajjaj","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"2025042708581281000_2013.aug02_1.bcr2013200309.11","first-page":"211","article-title":"Neurosyphilis masquerading as hemiparesis and Jacksonian epilepsy in an HIV positive patient: a case report","volume":"2013","author":"Kyebambe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"2025042708581281000_2013.aug02_1.bcr2013200309.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31824018b5","article-title":"Low rate of syphilis screening among high-risk emergency department patients tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia infections","volume":"2013","author":"White","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025042708581281000_2013.aug02_1.bcr2013200309.13","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.bashh.org\/documents\/3920.pdf ."},{"key":"2025042708581281000_2013.aug02_1.bcr2013200309.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.5.415","article-title":"Treatment of neurosyphilis with centriaxone","volume":"2013","author":"Shann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025042708581281000_2013.aug02_1.bcr2013200309.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90574-U","article-title":"Response of latent syphilis or neurosyphilis to ceftriaxone therapy in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"2013","author":"Dowell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2025042708581281000_2013.aug02_1.bcr2013200309.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s110","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir701","article-title":"Management of adult syphilis","volume":"2013","author":"Ghanem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025042708581281000_2013.aug02_1.bcr2013200309.17","first-page":"22","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006","volume":"2013","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"2025042708581281000_2013.aug02_1.bcr2013200309.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31824c0e62","article-title":"The performance of cerebrospinal fluid treponemal-specific antibody tests in neurosyphilis: a systematic review","volume":"2013","author":"Harding","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2013-200309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T11:58:23Z","timestamp":1745755103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2013-200309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2013-200309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2013-200309","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]]}}}