{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T21:13:08Z","timestamp":1776373988479,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Raynaud's phenomena is a common disorder which may be primary or secondary to some connective tissue disorders such as systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Jellyfish sting is a rare but life-threatening cause of Raynaud's phenomena. Digital gangrene is reported in 3% of children with secondary Raynaud's phenomena but does not occur in children with primary Raynaud's phenomena. We report a case of a 4-year-old boy who initially presented with episodes of pain and bluish to blackish discolouration and necrosis affecting the fingers on both hands after a jellyfish sting without any sign of connective tissue disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-201478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,18]],"date-time":"2013-11-18T08:54:35Z","timestamp":1384764875000},"page":"bcr2013201478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Severe digital necrosis in a 4-year-old boy: primary Raynaud\u2019s or jellyfish sting"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Fatih Koksal","family":"Binnetoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Betul","family":"Kizildag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naci","family":"Topaloglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ozgur","family":"Kasapcopur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082800001143000_2013.nov18_1.bcr2013201478.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/37.2.228","article-title":"Successful treatment of gangrene in systemic necrotizing vasculitis with iloprost","volume":"2013","author":"Zulian","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025082800001143000_2013.nov18_1.bcr2013201478.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v46","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken310","article-title":"Digital ulcers and outcomes assessment in scleroderma","volume":"2013","author":"Matucci-Cerinic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2025082800001143000_2013.nov18_1.bcr2013201478.3","first-page":"309","article-title":"Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"2013","author":"Saigal","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"issue":"(4 Pt 1)","key":"2025082800001143000_2013.nov18_1.bcr2013201478.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.4.715","article-title":"Raynaud's phenomenon in children: a retrospective review of 123 patients","volume":"2013","author":"Nigrovic","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025082800001143000_2013.nov18_1.bcr2013201478.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193411433509","article-title":"Fingertip necrosis in a 6-year-old child with primary Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"2013","author":"Bhat","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"key":"2025082800001143000_2013.nov18_1.bcr2013201478.6","first-page":"64","article-title":"Finger ischemia following a jelly fish sting: a surgical approach","volume":"2013","author":"El Khatib","year":"2000","journal-title":"Qatar Med J"},{"key":"2025082800001143000_2013.nov18_1.bcr2013201478.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(72)80474-8","article-title":"Raynaud's phenomenon in an infant","volume":"2013","author":"Krieger","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025082800001143000_2013.nov18_1.bcr2013201478.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199652050-00006","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"2013","author":"Belch","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2025082800001143000_2013.nov18_1.bcr2013201478.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.073684","article-title":"Bosentan therapy for patients with severe Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis","volume":"2013","author":"Hettema","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025082800001143000_2013.nov18_1.bcr2013201478.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00234-9","article-title":"Immunosuppressive drug therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"2013","author":"Fox","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2013-201478","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T07:00:18Z","timestamp":1756364418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2013-201478"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,18]]},"references-count":10,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2013-201478"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2013-201478","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,18]]}}}