{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:43:18Z","timestamp":1760028198560,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an uncommon neurological disorder, characterised by the rapid onset of neurological deficits and characteristic neuroimaging findings\u2014cerebral oedema with a typical preference for the posterior white matter. We report a case of a 59-year-old woman with an untreated HIV infection and hypertension with a PRES diagnosis and a rare involvement of the basal ganglia and brainstem, with microhemorrhages. HIV infection, particularly if untreated, is associated with an inflammatory status and therefore endothelial damage and dysfunction that might have an important role in predisposing acute hypertensive crisis and PRES.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-201495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,19]],"date-time":"2013-11-19T09:53:59Z","timestamp":1384854839000},"page":"bcr2013201495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Rare posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a patient with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2013","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5375-498X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025042709394422000_2013.nov19_1.bcr2013201495.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3280b07795","article-title":"Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in HIV patients: case report and review of the literature","volume":"2013","author":"Saeed","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025042709394422000_2013.nov19_1.bcr2013201495.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0928","article-title":"Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 1: fundamental imaging and clinical features","volume":"2013","author":"Bartynski","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2025042709394422000_2013.nov19_1.bcr2013201495.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1086\/524740","article-title":"Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in 2 HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy","volume":"2013","author":"Ridolfo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025042709394422000_2013.nov19_1.bcr2013201495.4","first-page":"651","article-title":"Reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome: case report","volume":"2013","author":"Fernandes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"2025042709394422000_2013.nov19_1.bcr2013201495.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602223340803","article-title":"A reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome","volume":"2013","author":"Hinchey","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025042709394422000_2013.nov19_1.bcr2013201495.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-002-0895-x","article-title":"Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome due to severe hypercalcemia","volume":"2013","author":"Kastrup","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2025042709394422000_2013.nov19_1.bcr2013201495.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(02)02264-1","article-title":"Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy secondary to indinavir-induced hypertensivecrisis: a case report","volume":"2013","author":"Giner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"2025042709394422000_2013.nov19_1.bcr2013201495.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540510037984","article-title":"Posterior reversible encephalopathic syndrome due to severe hypercalcemia in AIDS","volume":"2013","author":"Choudhary","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025042709394422000_2013.nov19_1.bcr2013201495.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540210147606","article-title":"Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy in an HIV-infected patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"2013","author":"Sylvester","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025042709394422000_2013.nov19_1.bcr2013201495.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nightingale S Wood C Ainsworth J . The posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in HIV infection. BMJ Case Rep. 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