{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:17:32Z","timestamp":1782778652032,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Strongyloidiasis is infection caused by the nematode <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic>. Chronic uncomplicated strongyloidiasis is known to occur in immunocompetent individuals while hyperinfection and dissemination occurs in selective immunosuppressed hosts particularly those on corticosteroid therapy. We report two cases of hyperinfection strongyloidiasis in renal transplant recipients and document endoscopic and pathological changes in the involved small bowel. One patient presented with features of dehydration and malnutrition while another developed ileal obstruction and strangulation, requiring bowel resection. Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy showed erythematous and thickened duodenal mucosal folds. Histopathological examination of duodenal biopsies revealed <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> worms, larvae and eggs embedded in mucosa and submucosa. Wet mount stool preparation showed filariform larvae of <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> in both cases. Patients were managed with anthelmintic therapy (ivermectin\/albendazole) and concurrent reduction of immunosuppression. Both patients had uneventful recovery. Complicated strongyloidiasis should be suspected in immunocompromised hosts who present with abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea, particularly in endemic areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-205068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,22]],"date-time":"2014-08-22T07:36:14Z","timestamp":1408692974000},"page":"bcr2014205068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Hyperinfection strongyloidiasis in renal transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Mehnaaz S","family":"Khuroo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082701375923000_2014.aug22_1.bcr2014205068.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/630201"},{"key":"2025082701375923000_2014.aug22_1.bcr2014205068.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-78"},{"key":"2025082701375923000_2014.aug22_1.bcr2014205068.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1K302"},{"key":"2025082701375923000_2014.aug22_1.bcr2014205068.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siddiqui AA Genta RM Maguilnik I . Strongyloidiasis. In: Guerrant RL Walker DH Weller PF , eds. Tropical infectious siseases: principles, pathogens & practice . 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Pathology. In: Grove DI , ed. Strongyloidiasis: a major roundworm infection of man. 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