{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T02:25:48Z","timestamp":1785464748517,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cough and angioedema are well-known adverse reactions of ACE inhibitors. However, other adverse effects of upper airways such as postnasal drainage, rhinitis and nasal blockage, are less frequently recognised. These might share the same pathophysiological mechanism: bradykinin accumulation. We present two patients with ACE inhibitor-induced upper respiratory symptoms that improved after the discontinuation of ACE-inhibitors and substitution with angiotensin II receptor blockers. The incidence of these adverse events is not accurately known, since these are not required to be reported, but it is estimated to be low. This presents challenges to the physician and demonstrates the importance of keeping it as a differential diagnosis. Most physicians are aware of ACE inhibitor-induced cough but not of ACE inhibitor-induced nasal blockage, rhinitis or postnasal drainage. Identifying these can avoid unnecessary diagnostic tests and inappropriate treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-205462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]],"date-time":"2014-07-18T01:49:57Z","timestamp":1405648197000},"page":"bcr2014205462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["ACE inhibitors: upper respiratory symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Paulette","family":"Pinargote","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denisse","family":"Guillen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan C","family":"Guarderas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082707381224000_2014.jul17_1.bcr2014205462.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6920.18"},{"key":"2025082707381224000_2014.jul17_1.bcr2014205462.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S25976","article-title":"Zofenopril and incidence of cough: a review of published and unpublished data","volume":"7","author":"Omboni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"2025082707381224000_2014.jul17_1.bcr2014205462.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0796-814"},{"key":"2025082707381224000_2014.jul17_1.bcr2014205462.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-1-200801010-00189"},{"key":"2025082707381224000_2014.jul17_1.bcr2014205462.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-3-234"},{"key":"2025082707381224000_2014.jul17_1.bcr2014205462.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.6.11.1851"},{"key":"2025082707381224000_2014.jul17_1.bcr2014205462.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e328348c6db"},{"key":"2025082707381224000_2014.jul17_1.bcr2014205462.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199615010-00006"},{"key":"2025082707381224000_2014.jul17_1.bcr2014205462.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-8610(04)70064-X"},{"key":"2025082707381224000_2014.jul17_1.bcr2014205462.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92035-0","article-title":"Enalapril-induced nasal blockage","volume":"2","author":"Fennerty","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025082707381224000_2014.jul17_1.bcr2014205462.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-004-0863-6"},{"key":"2025082707381224000_2014.jul17_1.bcr2014205462.12","first-page":"S43","article-title":"Cough with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: how much of a problem?","volume":"12","author":"Fletcher","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hypertens Suppl"},{"key":"2025082707381224000_2014.jul17_1.bcr2014205462.13","first-page":"S49","article-title":"Association between cough and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors versus angiotensin II antagonists: the design of a prospective, controlled study","volume":"12","author":"Lacourci\u00e8re","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hypertens Suppl"},{"key":"2025082707381224000_2014.jul17_1.bcr2014205462.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.36.1.127"},{"key":"2025082707381224000_2014.jul17_1.bcr2014205462.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.019"},{"key":"2025082707381224000_2014.jul17_1.bcr2014205462.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328364ca4c"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2014-205462","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T14:38:19Z","timestamp":1756305499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2014-205462"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2014-205462"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2014-205462","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]]}}}