{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T02:33:06Z","timestamp":1755225186155,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (fulminant meningococcaemia) is a fulminating infection, often leading to mortality in a matter of hours. In the past 3\u2005years there has been a rise in cases of <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitis<\/jats:italic> in the men who have sex with men (MSM) population in the USA and sporadic cases over the world especially in those who are HIV positive. We describe a case of a 34-year-old Caucasian man who presented with acute fulminant meningococcaemia, which proved fatal over a period of hours. This case report emphasises the need for further vigilance, prompt diagnosis and treatment of fulminant meningococcaemia without signs of meningitis especially in the MSM population and the need to expand vaccination recommendations of Meningococcaemia in the MSM population across the USA in both HIV positive and negative males.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-206295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,29]],"date-time":"2014-09-29T11:51:02Z","timestamp":1411991462000},"page":"bcr2014206295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Fatal Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome due to Serotype C <i>Neisseria meningitidis<\/i> in a young HIV negative MSM (men who have sex with men)."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2014","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1080-6449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhinav","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarfaraz","family":"Jasdanwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Eng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081301000992000_2014.sep29_1.bcr2014206295.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-4-201308200-00674"},{"key":"2025081301000992000_2014.sep29_1.bcr2014206295.2","unstructured":"New York State Department of Health expands vaccination recommendation in response to meningococcal disease outbreak among high risk HIV positive men in New York City. http:\/\/www.health.ny.gov\/press\/releases\/2012\/2012-10-05_meningitis.htm (accessed 17 Jun 2014)."},{"key":"2025081301000992000_2014.sep29_1.bcr2014206295.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199301073280104"},{"key":"2025081301000992000_2014.sep29_1.bcr2014206295.4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention and control of meningococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"62","author":"Cohn","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2025081301000992000_2014.sep29_1.bcr2014206295.5","unstructured":"Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Health advisory: meningococcal vaccine recommendations for men who have sex with men. http:\/\/www.mass.gov\/eohhs\/docs\/dph\/cdc\/immunization\/alerts-meningococcal-msm.pdf (accessed 17 Jun 2014)."},{"key":"2025081301000992000_2014.sep29_1.bcr2014206295.6","first-page":"1048","article-title":"Notes from the field: serogroup C invasive meningococcal disease among men who have sex with men\u2014New York City, 2010\u20132012","volume":"61","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2025081301000992000_2014.sep29_1.bcr2014206295.7","unstructured":"San Francisco Department of Public Health\u2014health advisory. Additional cases of invasive meningococcal disease in men who have sex with men in New York City; updated recommendations for San Francisco. http:\/\/www.sfcdcp.org\/document.html?id=787 (accessed 17 Jun 2014)."},{"key":"2025081301000992000_2014.sep29_1.bcr2014206295.8","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Invasive meningococcal disease among men who have sex with men. http:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications\/Publications\/rapid-risk-assessment-invasive-meningococcal-disease-among-MSM.pdf (accessed 17 Jun 2014)."},{"key":"2025081301000992000_2014.sep29_1.bcr2014206295.9","first-page":"473","article-title":"Meningococcemia and meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis W135 developed in two cases vaccinated with bivalent (A\/C) meningococcal vaccine","volume":"44","author":"Turhan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mikrobiyol Bul."}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2014-206295","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T08:00:41Z","timestamp":1755072041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2014-206295"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,29]]},"references-count":9,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2014-206295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2014-206295","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,29]]}}}