{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:03:19Z","timestamp":1756425799826,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tinnitus may become refractory to treatment and disabling. Brain transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has shown promise as a therapy, but has been employed primarily short-term. We treated a patient with 5\u2005weeks of weekly repetitive TMS (rTMS), followed by 6\u2005months of monthly rTMS. He was a 75-year-old dentist with chronic tinnitus from occupational noise exposure. Physical examination and MRIs of the auditory canals and brain had revealed no lesions. The patient showed a general gradual, progressive improvement on per cent of severe tinnitus diary days (from baseline 100% to 33%), tinnitus handicap inventory (from baseline score 70 to 18), and mini-tinnitus questionnaire (from baseline score 17 to 6). No changes occurred in serial audiograms. Transient adverse events were a headache during stimulation, and dizziness 30\u2005min after treatment. Implications and questions for future non-invasive neuromodulation clinical research raised by our case are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-207203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T07:50:16Z","timestamp":1419321016000},"page":"bcr2014207203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Long-term repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy: new research questions arising from one tinnitus case?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Douglas Richard","family":"Labar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Laboratory, Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dylan","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Laboratory, Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082801432142000_2014.dec23_1.bcr2014207203.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2012.00447.x"},{"key":"2025082801432142000_2014.dec23_1.bcr2014207203.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2010.11.003"},{"key":"2025082801432142000_2014.dec23_1.bcr2014207203.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100119413"},{"key":"2025082801432142000_2014.dec23_1.bcr2014207203.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2273.2001.00490.x"},{"key":"2025082801432142000_2014.dec23_1.bcr2014207203.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100115038"},{"key":"2025082801432142000_2014.dec23_1.bcr2014207203.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020400050077","article-title":"Rapid assessment of tinnitus-related psychological distress using the Mini-TQ","volume":"43","author":"Hiller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"key":"2025082801432142000_2014.dec23_1.bcr2014207203.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318170f8ac"},{"key":"2025082801432142000_2014.dec23_1.bcr2014207203.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2010.07.003"},{"key":"2025082801432142000_2014.dec23_1.bcr2014207203.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22168"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2014-207203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T08:43:27Z","timestamp":1756370607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2014-207203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]},"references-count":9,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2014-207203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2014-207203","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]}}}