{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T10:40:01Z","timestamp":1756377601685,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present the case of a 54-year-old man who developed progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) as an initial manifestation of HIV infection without any significant risk factors for infection with HIV. PORN is usually found as a manifestation of known AIDS late in the disease. Our patient presented with transient visual loss followed by decrease in visual acuity and facial rash. Subsequent investigation revealed anterior chamber tap positive for varicella zoster virus (VZV), as well as HIV positivity, with an initial CD4 count of 48 cells\/\u00b5L. Systemic and intravitreal antivirals against VZV, and highly active antiretroviral therapy against HIV were started, which halted further progression of retinal necrosis. This case highlights the importance of suspecting PORN where there is a rapidly progressive retinitis, and also testing the patient for HIV, so appropriate treatment can be started.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-207344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,6]],"date-time":"2015-05-06T06:50:43Z","timestamp":1430895043000},"page":"bcr2014207344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Progressive outer retinal necrosis: manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Phey Feng","family":"Lo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Ear and Mouth Unit, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Maidstone, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rongxuan","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Ear and Mouth Unit, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Maidstone, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serafeim N","family":"Antonakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Ear and Mouth Unit, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Maidstone, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Goncalo C","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Ear and Mouth Unit, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Maidstone, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082803275300000_2015.may06_1.bcr2014207344.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.2622"},{"key":"2025082803275300000_2015.may06_1.bcr2014207344.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)77012-6"},{"key":"2025082803275300000_2015.may06_1.bcr2014207344.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.1.149"},{"key":"2025082803275300000_2015.may06_1.bcr2014207344.4","first-page":"141","article-title":"Progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome as an early manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"98","author":"Yang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"2025082803275300000_2015.may06_1.bcr2014207344.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.81.3.189"},{"key":"2025082803275300000_2015.may06_1.bcr2014207344.6","unstructured":"Copeland R . 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Retin Phyisician 2013. http:\/\/www.retinalphysician.com\/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=109010"},{"key":"2025082803275300000_2015.may06_1.bcr2014207344.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2004.18.1.65"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2014-207344","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T10:27:57Z","timestamp":1756376877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2014-207344"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,6]]},"references-count":9,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2014-207344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2014-207344","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,6]]}}}