{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T21:14:26Z","timestamp":1773695666676,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There are only three cases in the literature that describe development of neurosarcoidosis in a patient who is on tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 inhibitors. We describe a case of a 33-year-old woman with a history of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and refractory uveitis (with previous treatment trials of adalimumab, infliximab, mycophenolate, methotrexate) who had been stable for 2\u2005years on etanercept. She was diagnosed with biopsy-proven systemic sarcoidosis with meningeal and parenchymal neurosarcoidosis. She was switched to infliximab and methotrexate, with clinical and imaging improvements. This is a case that demonstrates the difficulty of choosing tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) inhibitors when treating patients with multiple clinical autoimmune entities. It is also a case where a change in the mechanism of TNF-\u03b1 inhibition pathway can still be used to treat refractory sarcoidoisis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is still unclear what the exact difference between the TNF-\u03b1 blockers and their neurological complications is, and who the patients at risk of developing neurological complications are.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-208188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,6]],"date-time":"2015-07-06T08:14:48Z","timestamp":1436170488000},"page":"bcr2014208188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A case of neurosarcoidosis secondary to treatment of etanercept and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Idanis","family":"Berrios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adalia","family":"Jun-O'Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sorina","family":"Ghiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Ionete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082700473956000_2015.jul06_1.bcr2014208188.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2008.03.014"},{"key":"2025082700473956000_2015.jul06_1.bcr2014208188.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21519"},{"key":"2025082700473956000_2015.jul06_1.bcr2014208188.3","unstructured":"Enbrel (etacercept) food and drug administration highlights of prescribing information. 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