{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T14:10:07Z","timestamp":1745763007613,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A broncholith is defined as the presence of calcified material within a bronchus or within a cavity communicating with a bronchus. It is most frequently caused by<jats:italic>Histoplasmosis<\/jats:italic>or tuberculosis (TB) spp. Bronchial distortion, irritation and erosion by broncholiths can cause bronchiectasis, recurrent pneumonias and haemoptysis. We present a case of recurrent pneumonia due to a broncholith, which resolved conservatively with antibiotics. Owing to recurrent fevers and post obstructive pneumonias, a lobectomy or rigid bronchoscopic removal were considered but the patient was deemed not to be a candidate for general anaesthesia due to her comorbidities. Broncholiths are an uncommon cause of bronchiectasis and recurrent pneumonias. However, the wide range of symptoms and low clinical suspicion are the main reasons why a diagnosis can be delayed. Various treatment options are available and the choice of therapy should be made depending on the broncholith's size, mobility, location and local surgical expertise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-209035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,23]],"date-time":"2015-06-23T11:39:15Z","timestamp":1435059555000},"page":"bcr2014209035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Broncholithiasis presenting as bronchiectasis and recurrent pneumonias"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Melissa","family":"Dakkak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Furqan","family":"Siddiqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James Davis","family":"Cury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025042706345131000_2015.jun23_1.bcr2014209035.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)01540-X"},{"key":"2025042706345131000_2015.jun23_1.bcr2014209035.2","first-page":"1028","article-title":"Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of broncholithiasis","volume":"129","author":"Dixon","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2025042706345131000_2015.jun23_1.bcr2014209035.3","first-page":"577","article-title":"Histoplasmosis producing broncholithiasis","volume":"91","author":"Bhagavan","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch Path"},{"key":"2025042706345131000_2015.jun23_1.bcr2014209035.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)38508-3","article-title":"Surgical management of broncholithiasis","volume":"90","author":"Trastek","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2025042706345131000_2015.jun23_1.bcr2014209035.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.09.084"},{"key":"2025042706345131000_2015.jun23_1.bcr2014209035.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2007.06.071"},{"key":"2025042706345131000_2015.jun23_1.bcr2014209035.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-936X(83)90045-0","article-title":"Broncholithiasis: its detection by computed tomography in patients with recurrent hemoptysis of unknown etiology","volume":"7","author":"Shin","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Comput Tomogr"},{"key":"2025042706345131000_2015.jun23_1.bcr2014209035.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2012.73.5.282"},{"key":"2025042706345131000_2015.jun23_1.bcr2014209035.9","unstructured":"Deslauries J , Goulet S , Francois B . 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