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Clinical evaluation and laboratory findings excluded the presence of systemic diseases that might have been able to explain the drug inefficacy, while pharmacological evaluation suggested a possible drug-drug interaction. In order to assess the possible occurrence of resistance, mutational analysis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was performed and excluded the presence of resistance for TDF. TDF was prescribed, and venlafaxine, paroxetine and zolpidem were discontinued. The follow-up at 3, 6 and 12\u2005months documented a good response to TDF with a time-related decrease of HBV-DNA and alanine aminotransferase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-209586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]],"date-time":"2015-06-29T03:29:05Z","timestamp":1435548545000},"page":"bcr2015209586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Reactivation of chronic hepatitis B during treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: drug interactions or low adherence?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Benedetto","family":"Caroleo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orietta","family":"Staltari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Gallelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Perticone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082802564252000_2015.jun28_1.bcr2015209586.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.02.010"},{"key":"2025082802564252000_2015.jun28_1.bcr2015209586.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(14)60124-0","article-title":"Effectiveness of tenofovir DF for chronic hepatitis B in field practice:3year final results from the prospective German MultIcenter Non-Interventional Study","volume":"60","author":"Petersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2025082802564252000_2015.jun28_1.bcr2015209586.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S430","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(14)61221-6","article-title":"Long-term treatment with tenofovir in treatment-na\u0131ve or -experienced CHB patients is effective and well tolerated in real-life practice: 3 years results of the VIREAL study","volume":"60","author":"Pageaux","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2025082802564252000_2015.jun28_1.bcr2015209586.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v2061279"},{"key":"2025082802564252000_2015.jun28_1.bcr2015209586.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.9.2180"},{"key":"2025082802564252000_2015.jun28_1.bcr2015209586.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.10.011"},{"key":"2025082802564252000_2015.jun28_1.bcr2015209586.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61425-1"},{"key":"2025082802564252000_2015.jun28_1.bcr2015209586.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26686"},{"key":"2025082802564252000_2015.jun28_1.bcr2015209586.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.05.024"},{"key":"2025082802564252000_2015.jun28_1.bcr2015209586.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.01.027"},{"key":"2025082802564252000_2015.jun28_1.bcr2015209586.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22295"},{"key":"2025082802564252000_2015.jun28_1.bcr2015209586.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1816-6"},{"key":"2025082802564252000_2015.jun28_1.bcr2015209586.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200443090-00003"},{"key":"2025082802564252000_2015.jun28_1.bcr2015209586.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/524061"},{"key":"2025082802564252000_2015.jun28_1.bcr2015209586.15","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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