{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T11:40:04Z","timestamp":1756294804390,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 74-year-old man presented to the outpatient clinic with painful gynaecomastia. A detailed physical examination to sort out possible causes of the gynaecomastia, including intracranial tumour, liver cirrhosis, hyperthyroidism, and adrenal and testicular tumour, was negative. No offending agent was found in his medication list. A CT scan of the head and ultrasound of the scrotum did not show any mass lesion. His serum \u03b2-human chorionic gonadotropin (\u03b2-hCG) and oestradiol levels were elevated. A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed bladder wall thickening with soft tissue mass. A cystoscopic biopsy confirmed transitional cell carcinoma with muscle invasion. The patient was started on chemotherapy but responded poorly. This case report describes the \u03b2-hCG and oestradiol-secreting transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder presenting as gynaecomastia in an older man.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-210649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]],"date-time":"2015-06-26T23:16:12Z","timestamp":1435360572000},"page":"bcr2015210649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gynaecomastia: an unusual presenting symptom of bladder cancer"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Mashrafi","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Tech University, Amarillo, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleem","family":"Kanji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Tech University, Amarillo, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tahmina","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Tech University, Amarillo, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082704121464000_2015.jun25_1.bcr2015210649.1","unstructured":"Howlader N , Noone AM , Krapcho M , et al . SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975\u20132011. National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, 2014. http:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/csr\/1975_2011\/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site."},{"key":"2025082704121464000_2015.jun25_1.bcr2015210649.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1142"},{"key":"2025082704121464000_2015.jun25_1.bcr2015210649.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/37236"},{"key":"2025082704121464000_2015.jun25_1.bcr2015210649.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0748-7983(03)00004-0"},{"key":"2025082704121464000_2015.jun25_1.bcr2015210649.5","first-page":"20","article-title":"The expression of beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (\u03b2-HCG) in human urothelial carcinoma","volume":"7","author":"Venyo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"2025082704121464000_2015.jun25_1.bcr2015210649.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.493"},{"key":"2025082704121464000_2015.jun25_1.bcr2015210649.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.56"},{"key":"2025082704121464000_2015.jun25_1.bcr2015210649.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1994.tb07605.x"},{"key":"2025082704121464000_2015.jun25_1.bcr2015210649.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02768213"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2015-210649","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T11:12:24Z","timestamp":1756293144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2015-210649"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]]},"references-count":9,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2015-210649"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2015-210649","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]]}}}