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Chronic refractory myofascial pain (CRMP) is a neuromusculoskeletal disease needing management innovations. Using electrical twitch-obtaining intramuscular stimulation (eToims), we provide objective evidence of denervation supersensitivity in multiple myotomes as cause, aggravation and maintenance of CRMP. This study underscores our previous findings that eToims is safe and efficacious for long-term use in CRMP. eToims aids potential prevention (pre-rehabilitation), simultaneous diagnosis, treatment (rehabilitation) and prognosis in real time for acute and CRMP management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-211816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]],"date-time":"2016-01-14T03:25:41Z","timestamp":1452741941000},"page":"bcr2015211816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Chronic refractory myofascial pain and denervation supersensitivity as global public health disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Bruyninckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Leuven University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D V","family":"Neuhauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081105001520000_2016.jan13_2.bcr2015211816.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2012.703132"},{"key":"2025081105001520000_2016.jan13_2.bcr2015211816.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204428"},{"key":"2025081105001520000_2016.jan13_2.bcr2015211816.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204431"},{"key":"2025081105001520000_2016.jan13_2.bcr2015211816.4","first-page":"157","article-title":"Prevalence of myofascial pain in general internal medicine practice","volume":"151","author":"Skootsky","year":"1989","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"2025081105001520000_2016.jan13_2.bcr2015211816.5","unstructured":"Gunn CC . 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