{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T17:03:58Z","timestamp":1766941438245,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An 18-year-old boy, a refugee from Afghanistan, with no significant medical history, presented after 1\u2005day of severe left testicular pain. History, clinical examination and scrotal ultrasound suggested the diagnosis of epididymo-orchitis. He was discharged on a 2-week course of amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid. Six weeks later, he re-presented with a testicular abscess, continuous with the epididymal head. Incision and drainage led to laboratory confirmation of tuberculous infection. He was treated with isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and vitamin B<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> for 9\u2005months, with good response. Despite meeting high-risk criteria for tuberculosis, our patient had a delayed diagnosis. We present the case and discuss the lessons learned.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-214060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]],"date-time":"2016-02-04T09:42:30Z","timestamp":1454578950000},"page":"bcr2015214060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Tuberculous epididymo-orchitis masquerading as acute scrotum"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Ned","family":"Kinnear","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Elizabeth Vale, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Hoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Campillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Bolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082706591132000_2016.feb04_1.bcr2015214060.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E36","DOI":"10.33321\/cdi.2014.38.9","article-title":"National tuberculosis advisory committee. Tuberculosis notifications in Australia, 2010","volume":"38","author":"Bareja","year":"2014","journal-title":"Commun Dis Intell"},{"key":"2025082706591132000_2016.feb04_1.bcr2015214060.2","first-page":"207","article-title":"Urogenital tuberculosis: update and review of 8961 cases from the World literature","volume":"10","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"2025082706591132000_2016.feb04_1.bcr2015214060.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2008.01866.x"},{"key":"2025082706591132000_2016.feb04_1.bcr2015214060.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1942.tb02908.x"},{"key":"2025082706591132000_2016.feb04_1.bcr2015214060.5","unstructured":"Virtual Medical Centre [Internet]. Subiaco WA; Virtual Medical Centre. Genital tuberculosis: Brad gets a crash course on his own testicles. 2010 Nov 25 [updated Mar 20 2014; cited 10 Sep 2014 ]. http:\/\/www.myvmc.com\/experiences\/genitaltuberculosis-brad-gets-a-crash-course-on-his-own-testicles\/"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2015-214060","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T13:59:17Z","timestamp":1756303157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2015-214060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]]},"references-count":5,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2015-214060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2015-214060","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]]}}}