{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T17:32:21Z","timestamp":1790443941237,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute compartment syndrome requires urgent fasciotomies to prevent irreversible muscle damage. We present a case of massive iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) presenting as acute compartment syndrome. A healthy 21-year-old man presented with a 2-day history of worsening left leg pain with swelling and bluish discolouration. Clinical diagnosis of compartment syndrome secondary to phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) was made and he underwent emergency fasciotomies. Postoperative venous duplex confirmed a massive iliofemoral DVT and intravenous heparin was started. Following skin grafting, the patient made a good recovery. Massive iliofemoral DVT is an uncommon cause of compartment syndrome and has been reported in lower limbs, secondary to PCD. Failure to treat early carries a high degree of morbidity, with amputation rates up to 50% and mortality rates between 25% and 40%. It is important to recognise compartment syndrome as an acute presentation of PCD. Urgent fasciotomies can prevent limb amputation and mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-215078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,25]],"date-time":"2016-04-25T12:33:32Z","timestamp":1461587612000},"page":"bcr2016215078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Lower extremity compartment syndrome in the setting of iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis, phlegmasia cerulea dolens and factor VII deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Wahid","family":"Abdul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Hickey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025042703162790000_2016.apr25_1.bcr2016215078.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197860080-00012","article-title":"Acute compartment syndromes: diagnosis and treatment with the aid of the wick catheter","volume":"60A","author":"Mubarak","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"2025042703162790000_2016.apr25_1.bcr2016215078.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(65)80182-9"},{"key":"2025042703162790000_2016.apr25_1.bcr2016215078.3","first-page":"394","article-title":"Measurement of intramuscular pressure in the management of massive venous occlusion","volume":"89","author":"Saffle","year":"1981","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2025042703162790000_2016.apr25_1.bcr2016215078.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200005000-00062"},{"key":"2025042703162790000_2016.apr25_1.bcr2016215078.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800830106"},{"key":"2025042703162790000_2016.apr25_1.bcr2016215078.6","first-page":"972","article-title":"A comparison of high-dose versus conventional-dose heparin therapy for deep vein thrombosis","volume":"92","author":"Conti","year":"1982","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2025042703162790000_2016.apr25_1.bcr2016215078.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(77)90136-4"},{"key":"2025042703162790000_2016.apr25_1.bcr2016215078.8","unstructured":"Matsen FA . Compartment syndromes. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1980."},{"key":"2025042703162790000_2016.apr25_1.bcr2016215078.9","first-page":"88","article-title":"A practical approach to compartment syndromes","volume-title":"AAOS instructional course lectures","volume":"32","author":"Matsen","year":"1983"},{"key":"2025042703162790000_2016.apr25_1.bcr2016215078.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198304000-00013"},{"key":"2025042703162790000_2016.apr25_1.bcr2016215078.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800830844","article-title":"Phlegmasia cerulea dolens and venous gangrene","volume":"83","author":"Mahomed","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2025042703162790000_2016.apr25_1.bcr2016215078.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198803000-00005"},{"key":"2025042703162790000_2016.apr25_1.bcr2016215078.13","unstructured":"Bang C . Lower and upper extremity deep venous thrombosis evaluation. 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Phlegmasia cerulea dolens in a teenage boy found to have factor V Leiden. BMJ Case Rep 2015:1\u20133.","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-207959"},{"key":"2025042703162790000_2016.apr25_1.bcr2016215078.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.01.111"},{"key":"2025042703162790000_2016.apr25_1.bcr2016215078.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199604000-00022"},{"key":"2025042703162790000_2016.apr25_1.bcr2016215078.23","unstructured":"Veltchev LM , Kalniev MA , Todorov TA . Phlegmasia cerulea dolence\u2014risk factors and prevention. Case report. 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