{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:16:27Z","timestamp":1790745387230,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a potentially fatal syndrome that is caused by an abnormal activation of the immune system. It can present as the primary syndrome or occur secondary to a variety of conditions such as malignancy, autoimmune diseases and infections. We present a case of a man who developed HLH secondary to <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> infection. He presented with symptoms of fever, chills and myalgias. Physical examination revealed significant hepatosplenomegaly. The presence of pancytopaenia, elevated ferritin levels and haemophagocytosis on bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of HLH (based on HLH-2004 criteria). There was a significant improvement after the initiation of intravenous antimalarials. No relapses were documented on follow-up. It is imperative that physicians should promptly recognise and treat this rare condition, as a timely intervention can be lifesaving.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-215366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,13]],"date-time":"2016-06-13T12:34:40Z","timestamp":1465821280000},"page":"bcr2016215366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH): a rare but potentially fatal association with <i>Plasmodium vivax<\/i> malaria"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Waqas","family":"Ullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafez Mohammad Ammar","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Khyber Teaching 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