{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T11:10:04Z","timestamp":1745752204162,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorder typically associates with a pathognomonic antibody response directed against aquaporin 4 and a unique immunopathological signature characterised by loss of aquaporin 4 expression. We describe a tumefactive presentation of NMO in which a biopsy specimen demonstrated active demyelination and reactive astrocytes with preserved surface aquaporin 4 immunoreactivity and dystrophic processes. While the astrocytic pathology is more typical of classical multiple sclerosis, a positive NMO-IgG (1:80) and subsequent clinical presentation with an area postrema syndrome is consistent with a diagnosis of NMO spectrum disorder. This report expands the immunopathological features that have been reported in NMO spectrum disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-215981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]],"date-time":"2016-07-28T15:19:02Z","timestamp":1469719142000},"page":"bcr2016215981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Expanding the range of immunopathology in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Massey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael E","family":"Buckland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025042703474627000_2016.jul28_1.bcr2016215981.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.1581"},{"key":"2025042703474627000_2016.jul28_1.bcr2016215981.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waters PJ , Reindl M , Saiz A , et al . Multicentre comparison of a diagnostic assay: aquaporin-4 antibodies in neuromyelitis optica. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry Published Online First: May 20 2016; doi:10.1136\/jnnp-2015-312601","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-312601"},{"key":"2025042703474627000_2016.jul28_1.bcr2016215981.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12099"},{"key":"2025042703474627000_2016.jul28_1.bcr2016215981.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17551-X"},{"key":"2025042703474627000_2016.jul28_1.bcr2016215981.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.3.390"},{"key":"2025042703474627000_2016.jul28_1.bcr2016215981.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf151"},{"key":"2025042703474627000_2016.jul28_1.bcr2016215981.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5857"},{"key":"2025042703474627000_2016.jul28_1.bcr2016215981.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514551455"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2016-215981","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T10:47:55Z","timestamp":1745750875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2016-215981"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]]},"references-count":8,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2016-215981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2016-215981","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]]}}}