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We conclude that antivirals are infrequently used for EBVr-HLH, despite their laboratory-proven and likely clinical beneficial effect on some EBV-related diseases. However, the role of antivirals remains obscure. Concerns about their lack of efficacy are based on observational data and reports of the cellular tropism of EBV. Therefore, the adjunct use of antivirals may be considered when myelotoxicity is not the primary concern, and related outcomes should be systematically recorded to produce higher quality evidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-216488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]],"date-time":"2016-12-09T14:37:57Z","timestamp":1481294277000},"page":"bcr2016216488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Combining an antiviral with rituximab in EBV-related haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis led to rapid viral clearance; and a comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1258-857X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Stefanou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiana","family":"Tzortzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fotini","family":"Georgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chrystalla","family":"Timiliotou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025042705583517000_2016.dec09_1.bcr2016216488.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S1040-8428(02)00112-9","article-title":"Immunological aspects of Epstein-Barr virus infection","volume":"44","author":"Ohga","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025042705583517000_2016.dec09_1.bcr2016216488.2","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-03-278127"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025042705583517000_2016.dec09_1.bcr2016216488.3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2009.11.014"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025042705583517000_2016.dec09_1.bcr2016216488.4","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32834ec9c1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025042705583517000_2016.dec09_1.bcr2016216488.5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07298.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025042705583517000_2016.dec09_1.bcr2016216488.6","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-06-356261"},{"unstructured":"McClain K , Bozer LA , Timauer JS . 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