{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T12:43:05Z","timestamp":1756384985746,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 56-year-old man presented having had two falls at home. He had a background of multiple sclerosis. After his second fall, during which he had fallen onto the toilet injuring his right chest, he was brought into the emergency department reporting pleuritic chest discomfort. Immediately evident was extensive swelling from his forehead to his thighs, which on palpation was found to be subcutaneous emphysema. A chest X-ray showed a large right-sided pneumothorax for which a chest drain was inserted. A CT revealed extensive surgical emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum and gas within the spinal canal. It also showed right-sided rib fractures and associated haemothorax. He was managed conservatively with a 12-French (F), small-bore, chest drain and made a complete recovery without complication. This case challenges the widely held, but poorly evidenced, opinion that traumatic haemopneumothorax needs to be managed with a large-bore surgical chest drain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-217357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,2]],"date-time":"2016-12-02T10:25:18Z","timestamp":1480674318000},"page":"bcr2016217357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Traumatic haemopneumothorax and \u2018whole-body\u2019 subcutaneous emphysema: successful use of a small-bore chest drain"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Hardy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Croydon University Hospital, Croydon, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Sunderland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Croydon University Hospital, Croydon, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mevan","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Croydon University Hospital, Croydon, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Channing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Croydon University Hospital, Croydon, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082805120420000_2016.dec02_1.bcr2016217357.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2014.10.007","article-title":"Grossly delayed massive subcutaneous emphysema following laparoscopic left hemicolectomy: a case report","volume":"6C","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082805120420000_2016.dec02_1.bcr2016217357.2","first-page":"38","article-title":"Subcutaneous emphysema: a complication of surgery and anesthesia","volume":"39","author":"Stoykewych","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anesth Prog"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082805120420000_2016.dec02_1.bcr2016217357.3","first-page":"E173","article-title":"An unusual case of pneumoperitoneum, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema following colorectal stent placement","volume":"47","author":"Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"2025082805120420000_2016.dec02_1.bcr2016217357.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2010.00889.x","article-title":"Massive subcutaneous emphysema developing before surgery for mandibular fracture: a case report","volume":"26","author":"Sumida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"2025082805120420000_2016.dec02_1.bcr2016217357.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.3990.2014","article-title":"Periorbital emphysema after dive barotrauma without radiological evidence of paranasal sinus injury","volume":"85","author":"Pennell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"2025082805120420000_2016.dec02_1.bcr2016217357.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-227X-9-24"},{"key":"2025082805120420000_2016.dec02_1.bcr2016217357.7","first-page":"468","article-title":"Management of a traumatic tracheal tear: a case report","volume":"79","author":"Barrett","year":"2011","journal-title":"AANA J"},{"key":"2025082805120420000_2016.dec02_1.bcr2016217357.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.58.suppl_2.ii53"},{"key":"2025082805120420000_2016.dec02_1.bcr2016217357.9","unstructured":"Network SST. 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