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To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of rapidly fatal dual infection with<jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Rhizopus<\/jats:italic>. Our case highlights the role of high-dose corticosteroids as a risk factor for invasive fungal disease in patients without traditional risk factors like haematological malignancies, solid organ transplantation or uncontrolled diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-217535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,8]],"date-time":"2016-12-08T15:27:24Z","timestamp":1481210844000},"page":"bcr2016217535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Rapidly progressing dual infection with<i>Aspergillus and Rhizopus<\/i>: when soil inhabitants become deadly invaders"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Milind","family":"Bhagat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alwyn","family":"Rapose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025042705574734000_2016.dec08_1.bcr2016217535.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw326"},{"key":"2025042705574734000_2016.dec08_1.bcr2016217535.2","first-page":"175","article-title":"How should we approach Aspergillus in lung secretions of patients with COPD?","volume":"29","author":"Barber\u00e1n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Esp Quimioter"},{"key":"2025042705574734000_2016.dec08_1.bcr2016217535.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432579"},{"key":"2025042705574734000_2016.dec08_1.bcr2016217535.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1216008"},{"key":"2025042705574734000_2016.dec08_1.bcr2016217535.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200401-093OC"},{"key":"2025042705574734000_2016.dec08_1.bcr2016217535.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir866"},{"key":"2025042705574734000_2016.dec08_1.bcr2016217535.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/517672"},{"key":"2025042705574734000_2016.dec08_1.bcr2016217535.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1155\/2005\/676878","article-title":"Invasive aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases","volume":"12","author":"Muquim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can Respir J"},{"key":"2025042705574734000_2016.dec08_1.bcr2016217535.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01143.x"},{"key":"2025042705574734000_2016.dec08_1.bcr2016217535.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00062206"},{"key":"2025042705574734000_2016.dec08_1.bcr2016217535.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780400025179"},{"key":"2025042705574734000_2016.dec08_1.bcr2016217535.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R191","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3488","article-title":"Isolation of Aspergillus spp. from the respiratory tract in critically ill patients: risk factors, clinical presentation and outcome","volume":"9","author":"Garnacho-Montero","year":"2005","journal-title":"F Crit Care"},{"key":"2025042705574734000_2016.dec08_1.bcr2016217535.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir865"},{"key":"2025042705574734000_2016.dec08_1.bcr2016217535.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2014.08.001","article-title":"Multifocal Rhizopus microsporus lung infection following brush clearing","volume":"6","author":"Tsyrkunou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Mycol Case Rep"},{"key":"2025042705574734000_2016.dec08_1.bcr2016217535.15","first-page":"52","article-title":"Zygomycosis: a report of eleven cases and a review of the Brazilian literature","volume":"19","author":"Severo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Iberoam Micol"},{"key":"2025042705574734000_2016.dec08_1.bcr2016217535.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313803"},{"key":"2025042705574734000_2016.dec08_1.bcr2016217535.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.1.139","article-title":"Improved management of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in neutropenic patients using early thoracic computed tomographic scan and surgery","volume":"15","author":"Caillot","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2025042705574734000_2016.dec08_1.bcr2016217535.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang L , He H , Ding Y , et al . 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