{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T17:18:10Z","timestamp":1761844690924,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter use is widespread in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and temporary contraindication to anticoagulation, though timely removal is often not performed. We report the case of an expectoration of an IVC filter strut. Review of the patient's prior imaging confirmed an infrarenal Bard G2 filter with an absent strut, which was visualised in the left lung base. The strut was presumed to have embolised to a pulmonary artery branch and eroded into an adjacent bronchus. Subsequent fluoroscopically guided filter retrieval was successful. The incidence of IVC filter fractures increases with longer dwell times. Filter fragment embolisation has resulted in major adverse events, including sudden death and cardiac tamponade. Recent evidence has suggested that retrieval of IVC filters with prolonged dwell times is feasible and safe. This report brings awareness to the range of complications with indwelling IVC filters, and highlights the importance of timely removal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-218159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,24]],"date-time":"2016-12-24T14:28:03Z","timestamp":1482589683000},"page":"bcr2016218159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Expectoration of an inferior vena cava filter strut"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Stephen","family":"Mehanni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco, Hospital Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Higley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan C","family":"Schenning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082723025757000_2016.dec23_1.bcr2016218159.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2011.10.005"},{"key":"2025082723025757000_2016.dec23_1.bcr2016218159.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2014.01.035","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical consequences of fracture and fragment migration of the bard G2 filter: imaging and clinical follow-up in 684 implantations","volume":"25","author":"An","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2025082723025757000_2016.dec23_1.bcr2016218159.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2011.10.023"},{"key":"2025082723025757000_2016.dec23_1.bcr2016218159.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.316"},{"key":"2025082723025757000_2016.dec23_1.bcr2016218159.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu195"},{"key":"2025082723025757000_2016.dec23_1.bcr2016218159.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802123380701"},{"key":"2025082723025757000_2016.dec23_1.bcr2016218159.7","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Removing Retrievable Inferior Vena Cava Filters: FDA Safety Communication. Fda.gov. 2014 (cited 24 November 2016). http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/MedicalDevices\/Safety\/AlertsandNotices\/ucm396377.htm ."},{"key":"2025082723025757000_2016.dec23_1.bcr2016218159.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2013.04.005","article-title":"Decision analysis of retrievable inferior vena cava filters in patients without pulmonary embolism","volume":"1","author":"Morales","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"key":"2025082723025757000_2016.dec23_1.bcr2016218159.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.2561","article-title":"Retrieval of inferior vena cava filters with prolonged dwell time: a single-center experience in 648 retrieval procedures","volume":"175","author":"Desai","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2016-218159","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T06:03:05Z","timestamp":1756360985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2016-218159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,23]]},"references-count":9,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2016-218159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2016-218159","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,23]]}}}