{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T14:18:48Z","timestamp":1761920328070,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Colonic inflammation seen in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) predisposes to the development of colorectal adenocarcinoma. In contrast, colorectal neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) have rarely been reported in the setting of IBD, and no definitive relationship between these tumours and IBD has been established. Dysplasia from chronic inflammation leading to neuroendocrine cell differentiation may be responsible for NEC development, though this finding has not been seen consistently. We present a case of large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the sigmoid colon in a 65-year-old woman with long-standing ulcerative colitis. Although she underwent regular endoscopic follow-ups and was receiving the tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor infliximab, her tumour was large and aggressive, with metastases to the liver discovered at time of diagnosis. This case highlights the aggressive nature and poor prognosis of NECs and stresses the need to identify patients at high risk of developing NECs and develop improved surveillance guidelines for detecting them.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-220093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T10:21:28Z","timestamp":1502187688000},"page":"bcr-2017-220093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Aggressive large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the sigmoid colon in a patient with ulcerative colitis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Stoner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taban","family":"Ghaffaripour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082800141880000_2017.aug07_2.bcr-2017-220093.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.4.526"},{"key":"2025082800141880000_2017.aug07_2.bcr-2017-220093.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.4193"},{"key":"2025082800141880000_2017.aug07_2.bcr-2017-220093.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2013.06.008","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of chromogranin A and p53 expressions in ulcerative colitis-associated neoplasia: neuroendocrine differentiation as an early event in the colitis-neoplasia sequence","volume":"44","author":"Shigaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"2025082800141880000_2017.aug07_2.bcr-2017-220093.4","first-page":"537","article-title":"Neuroendocrine neoplasms arising in inflammatory bowel disease: a report of 14 cases","volume":"11","author":"Sigel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"2025082800141880000_2017.aug07_2.bcr-2017-220093.5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the rectum presenting with extensive metastatic disease","volume":"2014","author":"Minocha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep Oncol Med"},{"key":"2025082800141880000_2017.aug07_2.bcr-2017-220093.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-003-0038-1"},{"key":"2025082800141880000_2017.aug07_2.bcr-2017-220093.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2016.01.062","article-title":"Metastatic colon neuroendocrine carcinoma found in a patient with\u00a0ulcerative colitis during annual endoscopic surveillance","volume":"84","author":"Yoshihara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2025082800141880000_2017.aug07_2.bcr-2017-220093.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1159\/000333035","article-title":"The novel WHO 2010 classification for gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours correlates well with the metastatic potential of rectal neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"95","author":"Jernman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2025082800141880000_2017.aug07_2.bcr-2017-220093.9","unstructured":"Sorbye H , Strosberg JR . 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