{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T03:09:15Z","timestamp":1769051355693,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>(MTB) infection of a prosthetic joint is rarely reported in developed countries.<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>Typically, MTB infection involves the hips or knees, and the infection can occur secondary to crushing and degradation of the granuloma during surgery or, less commonly, from distant foci spreading through the blood. In the present case, MTB infection likely resulted from haematogenous spread since multiple hot spots suggestive of MTB infection were noted in other sites. Early diagnosis allows for antitubercular therapy with retention of the prosthesis, while late diagnosis frequently results in removal and reimplantation of the joint. To avoid major surgery, a high index of suspicion is required to diagnose prosthetic joint tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-220596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]],"date-time":"2017-09-07T19:15:25Z","timestamp":1504811725000},"page":"bcr-2017-220596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Total knee prosthesis infected with<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Fatehi E","family":"Elzein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Haris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saad S","family":"Alolayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nisreen","family":"Al Sherbini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025042712371908000_2017.sep07_1.bcr-2017-220596.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2013.830192","article-title":"Late onset Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection after total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and pooled analysis","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025042712371908000_2017.sep07_1.bcr-2017-220596.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6942(02)00126-2"},{"key":"2025042712371908000_2017.sep07_1.bcr-2017-220596.3","first-page":"219","article-title":"Prosthetic joint infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a case series and review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Berbari","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Orthop"},{"key":"2025042712371908000_2017.sep07_1.bcr-2017-220596.4","first-page":"136","article-title":"Delayed periprosthetic tuberculosis after total knee replacement: is conservative treatment possible?","volume":"75","author":"Neogi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"2025042712371908000_2017.sep07_1.bcr-2017-220596.5","first-page":"64","article-title":"Total knee replacement infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a case study and review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"Burger","year":"2013","journal-title":"SA Orthop J"},{"key":"2025042712371908000_2017.sep07_1.bcr-2017-220596.6","first-page":"114","article-title":"Delayed-onset Mycobacterium tuberculosis prosthetic joint infection after hip hemiarthroplasty: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"2","author":"Kofteridis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbial"},{"key":"2025042712371908000_2017.sep07_1.bcr-2017-220596.7","first-page":"302","article-title":"Delayed-onset Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection with staphylococcal superinfection after total knee replacement","volume":"32","author":"Al-Shaikh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Orthop"},{"key":"2025042712371908000_2017.sep07_1.bcr-2017-220596.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis803"},{"key":"2025042712371908000_2017.sep07_1.bcr-2017-220596.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100562"},{"key":"2025042712371908000_2017.sep07_1.bcr-2017-220596.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3814","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000147801.63304.8a","article-title":"Adherence and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis on various spinal implants","volume":"30","author":"Ha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2025042712371908000_2017.sep07_1.bcr-2017-220596.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1339","article-title":"Quorum sensing and biofilm formation in mycobacteria: role of c-di-GMP and methods to study this second messenger","volume":"66","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"2025042712371908000_2017.sep07_1.bcr-2017-220596.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06274.x"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2017-220596","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T19:37:31Z","timestamp":1745782651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2017-220596"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2017-220596"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2017-220596","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]]}}}