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PML has previously been considered a lethal condition, but because of careful monitoring of patients with HIV and of patients using immunosuppressive drugs it is discovered in earlier stages and prognosis can be improved. Our patient had no known immune-compromising state, but further work-up revealed that the PML was most likely the first presentation of a previous untreated autoimmune disorder: sarcoidosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-220990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,12]],"date-time":"2017-10-12T01:25:11Z","timestamp":1507771511000},"page":"bcr-2017-220990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Posterior fossa progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: first presentation of an unknown autoimmune disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Paulette","family":"Scholten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kralt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust, Rotherham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bram","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082700572108000_2017.oct11_1.bcr-2017-220990.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828c2fa1"},{"key":"2025082700572108000_2017.oct11_1.bcr-2017-220990.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-008078"},{"key":"2025082700572108000_2017.oct11_1.bcr-2017-220990.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289809113482"},{"key":"2025082700572108000_2017.oct11_1.bcr-2017-220990.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03597.x"},{"key":"2025082700572108000_2017.oct11_1.bcr-2017-220990.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.10.006","article-title":"The spectrum of opportunistic diseases complicating sarcoidosis","volume":"14","author":"Jamilloux","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2025082700572108000_2017.oct11_1.bcr-2017-220990.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2011.11.002"},{"key":"2025082700572108000_2017.oct11_1.bcr-2017-220990.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8217-x","article-title":"Drug-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a clinical, radiological, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis of 326 cases","volume":"263","author":"Maas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2025082700572108000_2017.oct11_1.bcr-2017-220990.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-311100"},{"key":"2025082700572108000_2017.oct11_1.bcr-2017-220990.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.114"},{"key":"2025082700572108000_2017.oct11_1.bcr-2017-220990.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.825","article-title":"Treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with interleukin 7","volume":"71","author":"Alstadhaug","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2025082700572108000_2017.oct11_1.bcr-2017-220990.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0b013e31827c6c3d","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy as the first manifestation of occult sarcoidosis: case report and review of the literature","volume":"19","author":"Davis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"2025082700572108000_2017.oct11_1.bcr-2017-220990.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.09.012"},{"key":"2025082700572108000_2017.oct11_1.bcr-2017-220990.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.03.2011.4036"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2017-220990","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T07:57:30Z","timestamp":1756281450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2017-220990"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"references-count":13,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2017-220990"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2017-220990","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]}}}