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In this report, we describe the case of a 41-year-old man who presented with painful swelling of the neck and was diagnosed with tuberculous lymphadenitis, complicated by HIV therapy-associated immune reconstitution syndrome. Prior to this diagnosis, he presented with a chronic intermittent cough, repeatedly treated as bronchitis. Furthermore, TB is a recognised occupational risk for primary care physician, as they are often the first contact for patients. With the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in the USA, the risk is likely to increase with the influx of newly insured often poor,and\/or immigrants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-221775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T09:30:09Z","timestamp":1521106209000},"page":"bcr-2017-221775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Disseminated tuberculous lymphadenitis presenting as cervical mass in patient with HIV infection, worsening after antiretroviral initiation: diagnosis and treatment challenges"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1247-5401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alain Bruno","family":"Tagne Nouemssi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine Residency Department, NYMC at Saint Joseph Medical Center, Yonkers, NY, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082804492226000_2018.mar15_1.bcr-2017-221775.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/605559"},{"key":"2025082804492226000_2018.mar15_1.bcr-2017-221775.2","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control. 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