{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:36:12Z","timestamp":1787164572313,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A premature infant of 25 weeks\u2019 gestational age presented at 8 weeks after birth with otorrhoea from the left ear. Following a course of topical and systemic antibiotics, the patient deteriorated developing facial nerve paralysis and cervical lymphadenitis. Contrast-enhanced CT and MRI of the head showed a destructive process of the left temporal bone. These findings prompted the clinicians to send swabs from the purulent discharge from the ear for acid-fast bacilli stain. Furthermore, surgical exploration and debridement were undertaken. Cultures from ear discharge and biopsy\u2014taken during surgical procedure\u2014revealed the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    complex. The patient developed necrotizing otitis media, left temporal bone osteomyelitis and cervical lymphadenitis. The infant\u2019s mother was found to have an endometrial biopsy positive for\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    suggesting the diagnosis of congenital tuberculosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-221797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T00:40:26Z","timestamp":1516236026000},"page":"bcr-2017-221797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Congenital tuberculosis presenting as otorrhoea in a preterm infant"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Jose Carlos","family":"Aldana-Aguirre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamdy","family":"El-Hakim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest","family":"Phillipos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc-Antoine","family":"Landry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025042702335415000_2018.jan17_1.bcr-2017-221797.1","first-page":"1","article-title":"External otitis: an unusual presentation in neonates","volume":"2016","author":"Alizadeh Taheri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025042702335415000_2018.jan17_1.bcr-2017-221797.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.49.2.187","article-title":"Otitis media in the first six weeks of life: diagnosis, bacteriology, and management","volume":"49","author":"Bland","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025042702335415000_2018.jan17_1.bcr-2017-221797.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1249763"},{"key":"2025042702335415000_2018.jan17_1.bcr-2017-221797.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e328364b457"},{"key":"2025042702335415000_2018.jan17_1.bcr-2017-221797.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199712000-00003"},{"key":"2025042702335415000_2018.jan17_1.bcr-2017-221797.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8623825","article-title":"A perspective of the diagnosis and management of congenital tuberculosis","volume":"2016","author":"Saramba","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pathog"},{"key":"2025042702335415000_2018.jan17_1.bcr-2017-221797.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199404143301505"},{"key":"2025042702335415000_2018.jan17_1.bcr-2017-221797.8","unstructured":"Smith MHD . 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