{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T15:38:12Z","timestamp":1764603492934,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is the presence of free air within the mediastinum that is not associated with trauma. It is a rare, self-limiting condition that can cause widespread subcutaneous surgical emphysema. We present the case of a 12-year-old boy who presented with widespread spontaneous surgical emphysema and pneumomediastinum, with no history of trauma or respiratory tract disease. We discuss our assessment of him and management with our multidisciplinary team (MDT), and whether radiological investigations including CT are helpful in such cases. In conclusion, we hypothesised that the child\u2019s coughing was the most likely cause of the tracheal rupture leading to the spontaneous surgical emphysema. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in the paediatric patient is extremely rare. This case highlights how spontaneous pneumomediastinum can be successfully managed conservatively, and how MDT input can be helpful in guiding management in such unusual cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-222965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]],"date-time":"2018-02-13T13:20:28Z","timestamp":1518528028000},"page":"bcr-2017-222965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Spontaneous pneumomediastinum"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Ojha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Gaskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082700313711000_2018.feb09_1.bcr-2017-222965.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmedc.2011.03.005","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumomediastinum revisited","volume":"4","author":"Meireles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir Med CME"},{"key":"2025082700313711000_2018.feb09_1.bcr-2017-222965.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10003-1200","article-title":"An Interesting Case of Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum with Subcutaneous Emphysema following Oral Provocative Manoeuvre","volume":"7","author":"Pratibha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics - An International Journal"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025082700313711000_2018.feb09_1.bcr-2017-222965.3","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-0496(200101)31:1<67::AID-PPUL1009>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025082700313711000_2018.feb09_1.bcr-2017-222965.4","DOI":"10.1148\/85.6.1093"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025082700313711000_2018.feb09_1.bcr-2017-222965.5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.03.024"},{"key":"2025082700313711000_2018.feb09_1.bcr-2017-222965.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.03.017","article-title":"Management of spontaneous pneumomediastinum: Are hospitalization and prophylactic antibiotics needed?","volume":"35","author":"Ebina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025082700313711000_2018.feb09_1.bcr-2017-222965.7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(64)80555-2"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2017-222965","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T07:31:41Z","timestamp":1756279901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2017-222965"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,11]]},"references-count":7,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2017-222965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2017-222965","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,11]]}}}