{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:54:08Z","timestamp":1760028848665,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) or \u2018Ecstasy\u2019 is an illicit drug frequently used by young people at parties and \u2018raves\u2019. It is readily available in spite of the fact that it is illegal.<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> It is perceived by a lot of young people as being \u2018harmless\u2019, but there have been a few high-profile deaths associated with its use.<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> Known side effects of MDMA include hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, coagulopathy and cardiac arrhythmias.<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> Rarer side effects include surgical emphysema and pneumomediastinum, which have been better described with cocaine abuse.<jats:sup>4\u20136<\/jats:sup> We present a case of bilateral pneumothorax, surgical emphysema and pneumomediastinum in a young man after taking ecstasy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-223103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,7]],"date-time":"2018-04-07T10:25:11Z","timestamp":1523096711000},"page":"bcr-2017-223103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bilateral pneumothorax, surgical emphysema and pneumomediastinum in a young male patient following MDMA intake"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0463-6375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nonyelum Evangeline","family":"Obiechina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Elderly Medicine, Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Burton on Trent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahrane","family":"Jayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elderly Medicine, Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Burton on Trent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusra","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Burton on Trent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Bass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Burton on Trent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082802272225000_2018.apr07_1.bcr-2017-223103.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.55.3.3"},{"key":"2025082802272225000_2018.apr07_1.bcr-2017-223103.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7380.80"},{"key":"2025082802272225000_2018.apr07_1.bcr-2017-223103.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689308600420"},{"key":"2025082802272225000_2018.apr07_1.bcr-2017-223103.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-015-0683-8","article-title":"Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum following cocaine inhalation: a case report","volume":"9","author":"Soares","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082802272225000_2018.apr07_1.bcr-2017-223103.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200210000-00071","article-title":"Spontaneous cervical and mediastinal air emphysema after ecstasy abuse","volume":"95","author":"Badaoui","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2025082802272225000_2018.apr07_1.bcr-2017-223103.6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Extensive subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum after ecstasy ingestion","volume":"2013","author":"Gungadeen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Rep Otolaryngol"},{"key":"2025082802272225000_2018.apr07_1.bcr-2017-223103.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689308600419"},{"key":"2025082802272225000_2018.apr07_1.bcr-2017-223103.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.51.9.960"},{"key":"2025082802272225000_2018.apr07_1.bcr-2017-223103.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.14.5.335"},{"key":"2025082802272225000_2018.apr07_1.bcr-2017-223103.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2026.2001.00190.x","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and ecstasy abuse","volume":"13","author":"Mazur","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025082802272225000_2018.apr07_1.bcr-2017-223103.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.16.5.382"},{"key":"2025082802272225000_2018.apr07_1.bcr-2017-223103.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(01)00272-4","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum in association with MDMA ingestion","volume":"20","author":"Ryan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025082802272225000_2018.apr07_1.bcr-2017-223103.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1258\/0022215021910230","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum following ecstasy ingestion in two people at the same \u201crave\u201d","volume":"116","author":"Rejali","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Laryngology and Otolaryngology"},{"key":"2025082802272225000_2018.apr07_1.bcr-2017-223103.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/003588407X183373"},{"key":"2025082802272225000_2018.apr07_1.bcr-2017-223103.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1984.00350190143024"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2017-223103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T09:27:29Z","timestamp":1756373249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2017-223103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,7]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2017-223103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2017-223103","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,7]]}}}