{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T11:10:05Z","timestamp":1756379405420,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 13-month-old boy with sickle cell disease (SCD) from Equatorial Guinea, who had recently arrived in Spain, presented with fever. He had suffered from malaria and had received a blood transfusion. Following physical examination and complementary tests, intravenous antibiotics and a red blood cell (RBC) transfusion were administered. Soon after a second transfusion 5\u2009days later, the haemoglobin level fell below pretransfusion levels, together with reticulocytopenia, and haematuria\u2014the so-called hyperhaemolysis syndrome\u2014requiring intensive care and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins and corticosteroids, with resolution of the complication. We want to emphasise the importance of suspecting this rare, though severe complication that can appear after any RBC transfusion especially in patients with SCD, as the clinical syndrome can simulate other more common complications of these patients and a further transfusion is contraindicated. There is no standardised treatment, but intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids are usually effective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-223209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]],"date-time":"2018-03-27T12:30:29Z","timestamp":1522153829000},"page":"bcr-2017-223209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["When a transfusion in an emergency service is not really urgent: hyperhaemolysis syndrome in a child with sickle cell disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Chinchilla Langeber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Mostoles, Mostoles, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta Pilar","family":"Osuna Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Mostoles, Mostoles, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Benedit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Puerta del Sur, Mostoles, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1urea","family":"Cervera Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Mostoles, Mostoles, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082803342631000_2018.mar27_2.bcr-2017-223209.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2015.06.001","article-title":"Hyperhemolysis in patients with hemoglobinopathies: a single-center experience and review of the literature","volume":"29","author":"Danaee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transfus Med Rev"},{"key":"2025082803342631000_2018.mar27_2.bcr-2017-223209.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e31828e529f","article-title":"Hyperhemolysis in sickle cell disease","volume":"36","author":"Aragona","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2025082803342631000_2018.mar27_2.bcr-2017-223209.3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hyperhemolysis syndrome without underlying hematologic disease","volume":"2015","author":"Eberly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep Hematol"},{"key":"2025082803342631000_2018.mar27_2.bcr-2017-223209.4","first-page":"191","article-title":"Drepanocitosis y paludismo: agravaci\u00f3n de la enfermedad de base","volume":"47","author":"Cervera","year":"1997","journal-title":"An Esp Pediatr"},{"key":"2025082803342631000_2018.mar27_2.bcr-2017-223209.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.4314\/thrb.v16i4.1","article-title":"High prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt K76T mutation in children with sickle cell disease at a tertiary hospital in north-western Tanzania","volume":"16","author":"Mongella","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tanzan J Health Res"},{"key":"2025082803342631000_2018.mar27_2.bcr-2017-223209.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12876","article-title":"Hyperhemolysis syndrome in a patient without a hemoglobinopathy, unresponsive to treatment with eculizumab","volume":"55","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"2025082803342631000_2018.mar27_2.bcr-2017-223209.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1369-3","article-title":"Your critical care patient may have HLH (hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis)","volume":"20","author":"Machowicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2025082803342631000_2018.mar27_2.bcr-2017-223209.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0268"},{"key":"2025082803342631000_2018.mar27_2.bcr-2017-223209.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit841"},{"key":"2025082803342631000_2018.mar27_2.bcr-2017-223209.10","unstructured":"WHO\/GMP Information note on delayed haemolytic anaemia following treatment with artesunate. 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