{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T07:52:27Z","timestamp":1767772347682,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 26-year-old woman with a history of idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura and a 1-year history of blood-streaked sputum presented after a severe episode of haemoptysis with dyspnoea. Chest imaging revealed diffuse ground glass and bronchovascular nodules. Bronchoscopy revealed bilateral diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH). Sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage studies were negative for infectious aetiologies. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed Libman-Sacks endocarditis with severe mitral regurgitation and physical examination revealed retinal artery occlusion and Osler\u2019s nodes. The patient had an increased anticardiolipin Immunoglobulin IgG and anti-B2 glycoprotein IgG, suggesting antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS). The patient was then started on high-dose methylprednisolone and had an improvement in her dyspnoea and haemoptysis. She was also started on anticoagulation as treatment for Libman-Sacks endocarditis. APLS should be considered as a possible underlying aetiology for unusual presentations of DAH with concurrent Libman-Sacks endocarditis in non-intravenous drug users with existing autoimmune disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-223728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,7]],"date-time":"2018-05-07T09:20:11Z","timestamp":1525684811000},"page":"bcr-2017-223728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage and Libman-Sacks endocarditis: a rare presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Brianna","family":"Bielski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikhil 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